Signs and Symptoms Flashcards
What is Kussmaul breathing?
A form of hyperventilation, It is rapid, deep and labored breathing associated with metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis.
What is stridor?
An abnormal, high-pitched sound heard in the upper airway, produced by turbulent airflow as a result of partial blockage.
What is Stertor?
A low sound similar to snoring or nasal congestion, heard only on inspiration.
What are rhonchi?
Continuous gurgling or bubbling sounds heard in the larger airways of the lungs upon inhalation and exhalation.
What are rales?
High pitched crackles heard in the lower lungs, caused by damaged, mucus-covered, or edemic alveoli filling with air upon inhalation.
What is edema?
The build-up of fluid in tissue.
What is subcutaneous emphysema?
A crackling sensation felt upon palpating the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues.
What is tracheal deviation?
The visible displacement of the trachea from the center to one side as a result of increased thoracic pressure. Moves away from the affected side. Usually caused by tension pneumothorax or cardiac tamponade.
What is Jugular Vein Distention (JVD)?
The visible engorgement of the Jugular veins due to increased thoracic pressure preventing venous blood from returning to the heart effectively. Usually caused by tension pneumothorax/hemothorax or cardiac tamponade.
What is Battle’s Sign? (Battle sign, battle signs)
Named for Dr William H. Battle, refers to ecchymosis of the mastoid process (bruises behind the ears), indicative of a basilar skull fracture. Often seen with “raccoon eyes,” but they are not part of Battle’s sign.
What is the primary difference in signs between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia?
Depth and rate of breathing.
What are the signs and symptoms of symptomatic hyperglycemia?
Fruity or acetone breath, dry and warm skin, Kussmaul respirations (deep and rapid), polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (excessive hunger)
What are the signs and symptoms of symptomatic hypoglycemia?
Rapid and shallow breathing, weak and rapid pulse, pale and moist skin, slow capillary refill, absence of hunger or thirst.
