Pathology

Question 1

What is diverticulitis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of diverticula, abnormal pockets formed in the wall of the large intestine. S&S: lower quadrant abdominal pain, fever, nausea, diarrhea/constipation, bloody stools.

Question 2

What is epiglottitis?

Answer 2

Inflammation of the epiglottis and resultant airway obstruction caused by bacterial infection. S&S: fever, throat pain, difficulty swallowing, drooling, hoarseness and stridor.

Question 3

What is ischemia?

Answer 3

A vascular disease restricting blood supply to any tissue, organ, or muscle group. Causes hypoxia and cell damage.

Question 4

What is shock?

Answer 4

Hypoperfusion- the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body.

Question 5

What are the four main types of shock?

Answer 5

Cardiogenic
Obstructive
Distributive
Hypovolemic

Question 6

What is peritonitis?

Answer 6

The inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infections by blood or after rupture of an internal organ.

Question 7

What is diabetic ketoacidosis?

Answer 7

A complication of a diabetic patient becoming hyperglycemic. Lack of insulin (or inability to process it) leads to increased blood sugar, which leads to increased blood acidity due to the presence of acids called ketones. S&S: excessive thirst, dry skin, fruity or acetone breath, tachypnea, nausea, ALOC/syncope.

Question 8

What is diabetic shock?

Answer 8

A complication of a diabetic patient becoming hypoglycemic. Too much insulin or too little caloric intake causes blood sugar levels to fall to dangerously low levels, inhibiting cell function.

Question 9

What are the subtypes of distributive shock?

Answer 9

Neurogenic
Anaphylactic
Septic

Question 10

What are the subtypes of Hypovolemic shock?

Answer 10

Hemorrhagic shock
Non-hemorrhagic shock

Question 11

What are the subtypes of cardiogenic shock?

Answer 11

Cardiomyopathies
Arrhythmias
Mechanical

Question 12

What are the subtypes of obstructive shock?

Answer 12

Pulmonary Vascular
Mechanical

Question 13

What are the types of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 13

Type 1: the body does not produce insulin.
Type 2: the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin.
Gestational: as a complication during second half of pregnancy.

Question 14

What is preeclampsia?

Answer 14

A pregnancy complication wherein gestational hypertension increases. The next stage is eclampsia.

Question 15

What are esophageal varices?

Answer 15

Abnormally enlarged veins in the esophagus, resulting from blockage of blood to the liver.

Question 16

What is atelactasis?

Answer 16

The collapse of the alveolar spaces of the lungs.

Question 17

What is pleural effusion?

Answer 17

Collection of fluid between the lung and the chest wall that may compress the lung.

Question 18

What is alkalosis?

Answer 18

A condition of excess base/lowered acidity in the blood, usually as a result of hyperventilation syndrome by the exhalation of too much carbon dioxide.