Signposting expressions for writing

Question 1

furthermore

Answer 1

moreover, additionally, likewise

He said he had not discussed the matter with her. Furthermore, he had not even contacted her.

Question 2

nevertheless

/ˌnevəðəˈles/

Answer 2

= however
Example:
- There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.

Question 3

whereas

/ˌweərˈæz/

Answer 3

trong khi

• Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.

Question 4

whilst

/waɪlst/

Answer 4

= while
Example:
- Her parents died while she was still at school.

Question 5

former

/ˈfɔːmə(r)/ - adj

Answer 5

the first of two things or people mentioned
Example:
- He had to choose between giving up his job and giving up his principles. He chose the former.

Question 6

initial

/ɪˈnɪʃl/ - adj

Answer 6

= happening at the beginning; first
= first
Example:
- My initial reaction was to decline the offer.

Question 7

latter

/ˈlætə(r)/ - adj

Answer 7

used to refer to the second of two things or people mentioned
#initial
Example:
- He chose the latter option.

Question 8

prior

/ˈpraɪə(r)/ - adj

Answer 8

happening or existing before something else or before a particular time
Example:
- Although not essential, some prior knowledge of statistics is desirable (/dɪˈzaɪərəbl/ - được kỳ vọng).

Question 9

respectively

/rɪˈspektɪvli/ - adv

Answer 9

in the same order as the people or things already mentioned
một cách tương ứng

Example:
- Julie and Mark, aged 17 and 19 respectively

Question 10

subsequent

/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ - adj

Answer 10

happening or coming after something else
tiếp theo
Example:
- subsequent generations

• Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent report.

Question 11

on balance

Answer 11

after considering all the information
sau khi xem xét
- On balance, the company has had a successful year.

Question 12

overall

Answer 12

(just remind)

Question 13

hence

/hens/

Answer 13

= thus

Example:
- We suspect they are trying to hide something, hence the need for an independent inquiry.

Question 14

suspect

/səˈspekt/ - v

suspect - adj

suspect - n

Answer 14

[v] - nghi ngờ

• Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap.
• I suspect (that) she might be lying.

[adj] - đáng nghi ngờ

• Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect.
• a suspect package was found on the platform

[n] - tình nghi
- the police have arrested (/əˈrest/) a suspect

Question 15

pension

/ˈpenʃn/ - n

Answer 15

an amount of money paid regularly by a government or company to somebody who is considered to be too old or too ill/sick to work
lương hưu, tiền trợ cấp
Example:
- to receive an old-age/a retirement pension