Significant Figures Flashcards
B.F. Skinner
most famous recent public argument that FW unnecessary psych construct; wrote Beyond Freedom and Dignity
Saul Smilansky
it’s dangerous for the public to know there is no free will; illusionism
William James
distinction between hard and soft determinism; soft = compatibilism
Heisenberg
uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics
Sam Harris
illusion of free will is an illusion
Bernard Katz
neuroscientist; synapses; can’t study them without destroying or affecting them; they are random
Garret Merriam
semantic migration & move to ‘control’ because FW and det are not good explanations
Daniel Glaser
belief about how our brains work affects our behavior; Lady Macbeth effect
Kahneman
Thinking fast and slow; 2nd order lady macbeth effect
Dweck
kids taught about plasticity vs. fixed brain and 1st group did better
Alfred Mele
funded by Templeton Foundation to prove FW exists
Steven Pinker
free will but not from soul; it’s in the frontal lobe and exists for non-automatic action
Gazzaniga (4)
brains are automatic, but people are free; free will is an emergent property; social rules to live by create responsibility; split brain studies; 98% of cognition is unconscious
Neal Lawson
depressed Marxist; conditioned uniformity; no rebellious working class; Gucci boot replaced jackboot; neuromarketing
Philip Zimbardo
Stanford prison experiment, the Lucifer effect
Paul Bloom
FW doesn’t exist; so what? b/c we can still think about stuff
Solomon Asch
Asch conformity experiments; groupthink
Mahzarin Banaji
harvard implicit studies; social psych shows that big forces control us; ethical relativism
Aristotle 4
know thyself; get nature empirically and we are natural; no free will; no moral abstract principles; immorality due to ignorance
Al Farabi 4
Arabic philosopher; revived ARistotelian school; 2nd philosophy master; religion part of imagination, phil = reaso
Maimonides 3
people’s will is in causal context; no free choice or will; moral values necessary for obedience; bible is political; monist; mind as naturla as body
Spinoza
monist; mind embedded and affective (vs. Descartes); emotion is part of reason; no free will; like BF skinner; FW illusion due to ignorance as to actions’ cause; conatus (innate inclination to exist and enhance sense of self)
Tversky and Kahneman
framing (wording etc. changes decisions); experiment with wording of killing people
Jaak Panksepp
empathetic tendencies in motor neurons AND ancient primary-process emotional networks; identified limbic system as involved; rat emotion study; seven unconditioned emotional systems (huge gen-purpose motivational system designed to promote learning & resp for addictions
Broca (+ 3 things he IDed)
defined initial limbic system (cerebral convergence that surrounded brain stem and central commisures; parraphippocampal and singulate gyri
James Papez
refined Broca’s discoveries; limbic lobe is part of bigger emotional behavior system
Diamond and Rozenberg
sensory enrichment leads to more dendritic spines and thicker neocortex (support for neuroplasticity)
Merzenich
modifiability of brain maps
Konrad Lorenz & Hubel & Wiesel
critical periods of childhood (strong neuroplasticity)
Kathleen D Vohs & Jonathan W Chooler
pro-free will study about how encouraging belief in determinism increases cheating
Noam Chomsky
linguistic philosopher; believed in built-in brain-based grammar rules, has been co-opted by evolution scientists to support the idea that there are built-in moral rules
Peggy Mason & Bartal et.al
Rat empathy study
Patricia Churchland
built in atruism leads to morals (vs. unique human capacity from free will and language)
Ramachandran
mirror neurons create empathy; they contributed greatly to rapid periods of evolution
Gregory Hickok
the myth of mirror neurons; doesn’t believe they play as big a part
Stanley Milgram
milgram experiments; also known as yale obedience experiments
Phineas Gage
iron rod driven through his brain; spec brain changes through left frontal lobe changed behavior
Daniel Wegner
feeling of mental causation is an “inference we draw from juxtaposition of our thought and action, not direct pereption of causal agency.”; wrote Illusion of conscious will
Giacomo Rizzolatti
do mirror neurons facilitate the empathetic ability that dissolves self and other (use of Golden rule)?
John Holland
complex adaptive systems exhibit coherence under change via conditional action and anticipation w/o central direction (adapts to environment on micro level)
Murray Gell-Man
nobel laureate in physics; a founder of science of complexity; stars and galaxies complex and evolving but not adaptive b/c don’t learn and adapt from experience; human race is complex adaptive system evolving ways of living in greater harmony with itself and other organisms that share Earth
Teuvo Kohonen
self-organization and associative memory; prof emeritus of academy of finland; complex adaptive system does not settle into locked-in patterns, but keeps changing & self-correcting, producing diversity & reacting to regulation and novelty
