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Science of Free Will > Significant Figures > Flashcards

Significant Figures Flashcards

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1
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

most famous recent public argument that FW unnecessary psych construct; wrote Beyond Freedom and Dignity

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2
Q

Saul Smilansky

A

it’s dangerous for the public to know there is no free will; illusionism

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3
Q

William James

A

distinction between hard and soft determinism; soft = compatibilism

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4
Q

Heisenberg

A

uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics

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5
Q

Sam Harris

A

illusion of free will is an illusion

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6
Q

Bernard Katz

A

neuroscientist; synapses; can’t study them without destroying or affecting them; they are random

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7
Q

Garret Merriam

A

semantic migration & move to ‘control’ because FW and det are not good explanations

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8
Q

Daniel Glaser

A

belief about how our brains work affects our behavior; Lady Macbeth effect

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9
Q

Kahneman

A

Thinking fast and slow; 2nd order lady macbeth effect

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10
Q

Dweck

A

kids taught about plasticity vs. fixed brain and 1st group did better

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11
Q

Alfred Mele

A

funded by Templeton Foundation to prove FW exists

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12
Q

Steven Pinker

A

free will but not from soul; it’s in the frontal lobe and exists for non-automatic action

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13
Q

Gazzaniga (4)

A

brains are automatic, but people are free; free will is an emergent property; social rules to live by create responsibility; split brain studies; 98% of cognition is unconscious

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14
Q

Neal Lawson

A

depressed Marxist; conditioned uniformity; no rebellious working class; Gucci boot replaced jackboot; neuromarketing

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15
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

Stanford prison experiment, the Lucifer effect

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16
Q

Paul Bloom

A

FW doesn’t exist; so what? b/c we can still think about stuff

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17
Q

Solomon Asch

A

Asch conformity experiments; groupthink

18
Q

Mahzarin Banaji

A

harvard implicit studies; social psych shows that big forces control us; ethical relativism

19
Q

Aristotle 4

A

know thyself; get nature empirically and we are natural; no free will; no moral abstract principles; immorality due to ignorance

20
Q

Al Farabi 4

A

Arabic philosopher; revived ARistotelian school; 2nd philosophy master; religion part of imagination, phil = reaso

21
Q

Maimonides 3

A

people’s will is in causal context; no free choice or will; moral values necessary for obedience; bible is political; monist; mind as naturla as body

22
Q

Spinoza

A

monist; mind embedded and affective (vs. Descartes); emotion is part of reason; no free will; like BF skinner; FW illusion due to ignorance as to actions’ cause; conatus (innate inclination to exist and enhance sense of self)

23
Q

Tversky and Kahneman

A

framing (wording etc. changes decisions); experiment with wording of killing people

24
Q

Jaak Panksepp

A

empathetic tendencies in motor neurons AND ancient primary-process emotional networks; identified limbic system as involved; rat emotion study; seven unconditioned emotional systems (huge gen-purpose motivational system designed to promote learning & resp for addictions

25
Q

Broca (+ 3 things he IDed)

A

defined initial limbic system (cerebral convergence that surrounded brain stem and central commisures; parraphippocampal and singulate gyri

26
Q

James Papez

A

refined Broca’s discoveries; limbic lobe is part of bigger emotional behavior system

27
Q

Diamond and Rozenberg

A

sensory enrichment leads to more dendritic spines and thicker neocortex (support for neuroplasticity)

28
Q

Merzenich

A

modifiability of brain maps

29
Q

Konrad Lorenz & Hubel & Wiesel

A

critical periods of childhood (strong neuroplasticity)

30
Q

Kathleen D Vohs & Jonathan W Chooler

A

pro-free will study about how encouraging belief in determinism increases cheating

31
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

linguistic philosopher; believed in built-in brain-based grammar rules, has been co-opted by evolution scientists to support the idea that there are built-in moral rules

32
Q

Peggy Mason & Bartal et.al

A

Rat empathy study

33
Q

Patricia Churchland

A

built in atruism leads to morals (vs. unique human capacity from free will and language)

34
Q

Ramachandran

A

mirror neurons create empathy; they contributed greatly to rapid periods of evolution

35
Q

Gregory Hickok

A

the myth of mirror neurons; doesn’t believe they play as big a part

36
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

milgram experiments; also known as yale obedience experiments

37
Q

Phineas Gage

A

iron rod driven through his brain; spec brain changes through left frontal lobe changed behavior

38
Q

Daniel Wegner

A

feeling of mental causation is an “inference we draw from juxtaposition of our thought and action, not direct pereption of causal agency.”; wrote Illusion of conscious will

39
Q

Giacomo Rizzolatti

A

do mirror neurons facilitate the empathetic ability that dissolves self and other (use of Golden rule)?

40
Q

John Holland

A

complex adaptive systems exhibit coherence under change via conditional action and anticipation w/o central direction (adapts to environment on micro level)

41
Q

Murray Gell-Man

A

nobel laureate in physics; a founder of science of complexity; stars and galaxies complex and evolving but not adaptive b/c don’t learn and adapt from experience; human race is complex adaptive system evolving ways of living in greater harmony with itself and other organisms that share Earth

42
Q

Teuvo Kohonen

A

self-organization and associative memory; prof emeritus of academy of finland; complex adaptive system does not settle into locked-in patterns, but keeps changing & self-correcting, producing diversity & reacting to regulation and novelty

Science of Free Will (7 decks)

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