Sigmund Freud's Classical Psychoanalytic Theory Flashcards
An emerging field that sets out to empirically investigate the full range of psychological processes behind scientific behavior, interest, talent, and creativity
Psychology of Science
A field that aims to study the life of Theorists
Psychology of Science
Sigmund Freud’s Full Name
Sigismund Schlomo Freud
(May 6, 1856 - September 23, 1939)
Born of a ___________ at ____________
Jewish Family, Freiburg, Moravia
TRUE or FALSE:
Freud claims to be her mother’s favorite
TRUE
Who was Freud’s favorite among his six children?
Anna (later became an Psychoanalyst - Defense Mechanisms)
Freud’s Cause of Death
In some literature, it says that he died due to Buccal (Mouth) Cancer, but some says that he decided to die through Euthanasia since the cancer was already inoperable
a theory of mind or personality. a method of studying unconscious processes. a method of treatment
Classical Psychoanalytic Theory
Core Assumption of Psychoanalysis
- Primacy of unconscious
- Psychic Causality
- Critical importance of early childhood experiences
Majority of psychological processes takes place outside of conscious awareness. Unconscious processes are thought to be revealing of personality dynamics
Primacy of unconscious
Nothing in mental life happens by chance. There is no random thought, feeling or behavior
Psychic causality
Early childhood experiences are the determinants of personality development and dynamic. Who you are and who you will become are cemented during the formative years of your life (from birth to 5 years old)
Critical importance of early childhood experiences
People are born with basic drives, especially for ________ and ______
Sex, aggression
TRUE or FALSE:
According to Freud, social order would be impossible unless the basic human drives are controlled.
TRUE
A motivation caused by a physiological or psychological need
Drive
Society imposes its drives into socially acceptable outlets, but often doing so in ways that lead to __________ or personality disturbances
Neuroses
A feeling or personality disturbances caused by extreme anxiety brought by overlyy threatning ID impulses
Neuroses
Freud believe that this drive is present even in young infants, and that it leads to constant tension betweeen the individual and the society
Sex drive
3 - Regions of the mind, according to Freud’s Topographic model of the Mind
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
our current awareness, thoughts right in the moment
Conscious
all the information that is not currently ‘on our mind’ but we could bring into awareness if called upon to do so
Preconscious
Storehouse of impulses, unacceptable wishes, desires, and other anxiety-producing material that could affect our thought and behavior
Unconscious
Freud’s methods of studying the unconscious
Free Association
Dream Analysis
Freudian Slip
allowing patients to say whatever came into their minds without regard to logic of propriety
Free Association (Magical Couch)
A disorder characterized by improper function of certain body parts without organic cause
Hysteria (from the Greek word for Ovary)
Freud’s Mentor that helped him develop Free Association
Josef Breuer (initially call Free Association as Talking Cure)
Emotional expression and release brought by talking about problems
Catharsis
Allow patients to record and describe their dreams.
Dream Analysis
The surface meaning or the conscious description given by the dreamer
Manifest Content of Dreams
the hidden or the unconscious meaning of the dreams
Latent Content of Dreams
Also known as slip of the tongue. An unconscious error or oversight in writing, speech, or action that is held to be caused by unacceptable impulses breaking through psychic defenses and exposing the individual’s true wishes or feelings
Freudian Slip (or Parapraxis)
Unconscious materials that are able to pass through the ego
Psychic Defenses
the royal gateway to unconscious according to Freud
Dreams
Psychosexual stages of Development
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Stage
Genital Stage
Parts of the body that have especially strong pleasure-giving qualities at particular stages of development (pleasure zones)
Erogenous Zones
Being stuck at a particular stage of development that stem from too much or too little gratification of
erogenous zones associated with a particular stage
Fixation
The mouth is the main erogenous zones.
Age range: 0-18 Months
Developmental task: Moving from infantile dependency toward autonomy and self sufficiency
Associated character traits:
Dependency
Oral Stage
The anus is the main erogenous zone.
(Pleasure derived from fecal retention and release)
Age range: 18-36 months
Developmental task: Learning to exercise control over one’s body, one’s impulses, and other people
Associated character traits:
obsessiveness
stage where Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) could be developed
Anal Stage
Age range: 3 - 6 y.o
Developmental task: Mastering competitive urges and acquiring gender - role related behaviors
Associated character trait:
Competitiveness
Phallic Stage
Developing an unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex and a feeling of rivalry toward the parent of the same sex
Oedipus Complex
TRUE or FALSE:
Freud states that males and females go through Oedipus complex similarly
FALSE. They experience it differently
Male: Castration anxiety and identification with the father
Female: Penis envy and identification with the mother
Age range: 6 yo - puberty
Developmental task: Investing energy in conflict-free (nonsexual tasks and activities) (Dorman sexual drive - libido)
Associated character traits: -
Latency Stage
Age range: Puberty onwards
Developmental task: mature sexuality (blending of sexuality and intimacy)
Associated character traits: -
Pleasure is achieved by engaging in sexual relations
Genital Stage
Freud’s structural model of personality
3 Psychic Structures
Id, Ego, Superege
seat of drives, instincts, and biological impulses, Operates on the pleasure principle. Immediate gratification of sexual impulses
ID
represents the logical, reality-oriented aspect of personality. Operates on the reality principle. Stems out from ID.
Ego
Internalized representation of values and morals of society; akin to conscience or set of moral guidelines and prohibitions. Importance of socialization
Superego
When the id predominates, a ______________ personality is manifested
impulsive, stimulation seeking
When the superego predominates, a ____________ personality is manifested
restrained, overcontrolled
When the ego is dominant a _____________ personality is developed
healthy, balanced
A healthy personality is a personality that operates on the reality principle
Unconscious processes used by the ego to avoid dealing directly with sexual or aggressive implosives and to defend itself against the anxiety that accompanies them
Defense Mechanisms
A felt unpleasant state, accompanied by physical sensation that warns a person of impending danger
Anxiety
Various Defense Mechanisms
Repression
Displacement
Sublimation
Regression
Rationalization
Reaction Formation
Projection
Preventing painful or dangerous thoughts from entering consciousness
Repression
releasing pent-up feelings on objects less dangerous than those arousing the feelings or source of anxiety
Displacement
Channeling frustrated sexual energy into socially acceptable activities
Sublimation
Reverting to an earlier developmental level
Regression
using contrived explanation to conceal or disguise unworthy motives for one’s behavior
Rationalization
preventing the awareness or expression of unacceptable desires by an exaggerated adoption of seemingly opposite behavior
Reaction formation
Attribute one’s unacceptable motives or characteristics to others
Projection
When defense mechanisms are used excessively or used on extremes, it could lead to?
compulsive, repetitive, and neurotic behavior
Criticisms of Classical Psychoanalytic Theory
Too much emphasis on sex
Offers a pessimist view of the self
Offers a deterministic view of the self
