Nature and nurture: The debate continues Flashcards
A person’s biological inheritance (genes)
Nature
Units of hereditary information that act as blueprints for cells to reproduce themselves and manufacture proteins that maintain life
Genes
A person’s environmental experiences
Nurture
Includes all surrounding physical and social conditions and influences that affect the development of living things
Environment
a period in development wherein an organism is especially open to specific learning, emotional, or socializing experiences that occur as part of normal development
Critical Period
agents that cause birth defect
Teratogen
a cluster of abnormalities that occurs in children born to mothers who are heavy drinkers
Fetal Alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Hofstede (In order to understand a person you first need to understand these 3)
Universal - Human nature - Inherited
Specific to group or category - Culture - Learned
Specific to individual - Personality - Inherited and learned
The study concerned with the transmission of traits that give rise to patterns of behavior or the study of the relative influence of genes and environment on behavior
Behavior Genetics
the genetic endowment that an individual inherits
Genotype
the ways in which an individual’s genotype is expressed in observable and measurable characteristics
Phenotype
traits that are always expressed when the connected allele is dominant, even if only one copy exists
Dominant trait
traits that are expressed only if both the connected alleles are recessive
Recessive trait
Basic Assumptions of Behavior Genetics
Individual differences can be parsed into three distinct sources:
Genetic effects
Shared environmental effects
Nonshared environmental effects
index the extent to which observed phenotypic variation in a trait arises from genetic differences among people
Genetic Effects
index the extent to which people are similar, independent of genetic effects, because they grew up in the same household
Shared environmental effects (ex: Religion and Socioeconomic status)
index the extent to which family members are different, in spite of sharing genetic material and growing up together
Nonshared environmental effects (ex. Different friends)
Much of the variations of individual differences if accounted for by which effect?
Nonshared environmental effects
claims that environmental influences are shaped by genetics, that genetically influenced patters of behavior tend to elicit common patterns of responses form the environment, and that nature is partly attributable to nurture
Behavior Genetics
TRUE or FALSE:
Behavior genetics argue that nature is more dominant than nurture in developing one’s self
TRUE
6 Person - Environment Transactions
Attraction
Selection
Evocation
Reactance
Manipulation
Attrition
people are attracted to environments that are consistent with their personality
Attraction
People are selected into roles that are consistent with their personality
Selection
People evoke reactions form others that reinforce pre-existing dispositions
Evocation
