Sigmund freud

Question 1

type of reasoning Freud relied on

Answer 1

deductive reasoning

based theories on observations

Question 2

What is hysteria

Answer 2

freud learned this in france

“a disorder typically characterized by paralysis or the improper functioning of certain parts of the body.”

Question 3

What is cathartic method:

Answer 3

focuses on bringing about an emotional release in a patient that occurs when one gains insight into the unconscious origins of some problem

“he process of removing hysterical symptoms through “talking them out.” ”

Question 4

Description of freud

Answer 4

Freud focused more
on his mother than his
father.
- His complex feelings
towards his parents (both
positive and negative) were
central to his theory on
development.

• he left to france to study hysteria then back to vienna to learn Catharsis method against hysteria

Question 5

Freud’s biggest contribution

Answer 5

“his exploration of the unconscious and his insistence that people are motivated primarily by drives”

Question 6

describe the unconscious preconscious and conscious

Answer 6

Unconscious (deep underwater, hidden) → Thoughts, memories, and feelings buried so deep you don’t even realize they exist, but they still affect you.
Example: As a kid, you got yelled at for talking too much, and now you get nervous speaking in public without knowing why.

Preconscious (just below the water) → Stuff you’re not thinking about this second, but you can bring it up if needed.
Example: You weren’t thinking about your childhood phone number, but if I ask, you can remember it.

Conscious (tip of the iceberg) → What you’re aware of RIGHT NOW.
Example: You’re reading this message and thinking, “Oh, okay, that makes sense.”

theres primary sensor and final censor

Question 7

PROVINCES OF MIND

Answer 7

ID : includes experiences that have never been owned by the person.” It’s all about basic instincts. The id is like a toddler throwing a tantrum. It only cares about pleasure and doesn’t think about consequences.

SUPEREGO: The superego is like a strict teacher or your grandma’s voice in your head telling you to be polite and follow the rules. It’s all about morality and guilt. You see the cake, and your superego whispers, “No, that’s unhealthy! Also, you should share.”

EGO: The ego is the middleman trying to keep the id and superego happy. by balancing desires and rules. Your ego thinks, “Okay, I’ll just have one slice, not the whole cake.”

Question 8

What are 2 sources of unconscious processes

Answer 8

Repression: the forcing of unwanted, anxiety laden experiences into the unconscious as a defense against the pain of that anxiety

Phylogenetic endowment: unconscious inherited images that have been passed down to us through many generations of repetition

Question 9

What happens if id is bigger than the rest

Answer 9

person becomes pleasure seeking cus theyre dominated by id

Question 10

What happens when ego is smaller than both id and superego

Answer 10

will have constant conflicts. feelings of guilt and inferiority. they are missing something that will arbitrate for them

Question 11

what is the healthy structure of division

Answer 11

when ego is larger than id and superego

Question 12

What are the major techniques used in Freudian Psychoanalysis

Answer 12

Free association:

Dream analysis:

Resistance:

Transference:

Question 13

Free association:

Answer 13

patients were placed into a relaxed position and encouraged to say whatever came into their minds without censoring anything

Question 14

Dream analysis:

Answer 14

he argued that dreams provided a wealth of information about the unconscious, as disguised unconscious wishes

Question 15

Resistance:

Answer 15

a patients’ unwillingness or inability to mention something that occurs to them can give clues about repressed memories

Question 16

Transference

Answer 16

a patient developing a strong emotional attachment to a therapist, thought to be an important part of the healing process

Question 17

Manifest content

Answer 17

what we see, what we dream.
The content of the dream experienced by the dreamer

Question 18

Latent content

Answer 18

the symbolic meaning of the dream which is disguised by the manifest content

Question 19

Drives

Answer 19

is an internal stimulus within a person that operates as a constant motivational force

instinct – things that keeps us going in our lives , keeps us working hard, reaching out, the energy

Question 20

drives were grouped under two major headings

Answer 20

Libido or sex drive: the aim is pleasure

Thanatos or aggressive/destructive drive: the aim is to return the organism to an inorganic state - explains the concept of wars

Question 21

What is
Anxiety

Answer 21

a felt, affective and unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation of impending danger

it is based on our system of drives, it is a worry that something bad is going to happen
only the ego can feel anxiety

Question 22

types of anxiety according to freud

Answer 22

Neurotic anxiety
Moral anxiety
Realistic anxiety

Question 23

Neurotic anxiety

Answer 23

hysteria, neurotic symptoms… it is the idea that impulses will go out of control

apprehensions of an unknown dangers to the ego originating from id impulses (drives)

eg A person constantly worries about saying something embarrassing in social situations, even when there is no real threat of ridicule.

Question 24

Moral anxiety:

Answer 24

Anxiety that results from the ego’s conflict with the superego

Example: A student feels intense guilt after cheating on a test, even though no one found out.

happens art around 5 6 years , it is based on our system of drives, it is a worry that something bad is going to happen

Question 25

Realistic anxiety

Answer 25

we worry that someone might harm us but for good reason. It is a realistic anxiety An unpleasant, non-specific feeling resulting from the ego’s relationship with the external world Example: A person feels anxious about walking alone in a dangerous neighborhood at night.

Question 26

Five stages of sexual development

Answer 26

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital

Question 27

oral

Answer 27

oral stage infants satisfy their needs primarily through oral means (sucking). Fixation is associated with dependency, and a preoccupation with oral activities (e.g., eating, smoking, chewing gum, fingernail biting, talking too much, etc.)

Question 28

anal

Answer 28

the anal stage because he noticed that young children derive pleasure from relieving themselves of bodily waste Fixation at the anal stage may lead to: Excessive usage of bathroom humor and making messes A preoccupation with neatness and order (previously called an anal retentive personality

Question 29

phallic

Answer 29

gain pleasure from exploring and stimulating their genitals. also Freud postulated that boys experience the Oedipus complex

Question 30

lantency

Answer 30

Psychosexual energy is channelled into academic and social pursuits Because there is no conflict to resolve here, fixation cannot occur

Question 31

Genital

Answer 31

gains satisfaction from mature, heterosexual relationships Most psychologists now recognize that much more variety in sexual behaviour can be associated with healthy and mature sexuality

Question 32

Defense mechanisms

Answer 32

Behaviors that represent unconscious denials or distortions of reality which are adopted to protect the ego from anxiety

Question 33

# l list the defense mechanisms

Answer 33

Repression: Reaction Formation Displacement Fixation Regression Projection Introjection Sublimation

Question 34

Repression: “

Answer 34

Whenever the ego is threatened by undesirable id impulses, it protects itself by repressing those impulses; that is, it forces threatening feelings into the unconscious”

Question 35

Reaction Formation

Answer 35

“ person represses one impulse and adopts the exact opposite form of behavior, which ordinarily is exaggerated and ostentatious.” eg. i hate my mom so i will repress that by loving her and exaggerate

Question 36

Displacement

Answer 36

“people can redirect their unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects so that the original impulse is disguised or concealed” eg “ woman who is angry with her roommate may displace her anger onto her employees, her pet cat, or a stuffed animal. She remains friendly to her roommate, but unlike the workings of a reaction formation, she does not exaggerate or overdo her friendliness.”

Question 37

Fixation

Answer 37

“Technically, fixation is the permanent attachment of the libido onto an earlier, more primitive stage of development” eg. “People who continually derive pleasure from eating, smoking, or talking may have an oral fixation, whereas those who are obsessed with neatness and orderliness may possess an anal fixation.

Question 38

Regression

Answer 38

“a person returns to an earlier stage in order to protect the ego against anxiety.” eg “a completely weaned child may regress to demanding a bottle or nipple when a baby brother or sister is born”

Question 39

Projection

Answer 39

“seeing in others unacceptable feelings or tendencies that actually reside in one’s own unconscious”

Question 40

what do we call an extreme type of projection

Answer 40

paranoia

Question 41

Sublimation

Answer 41

“involves the repression of the genital aim of Eros and its substitution by a cultural or social aim.”

Question 42

Introjection

Answer 42

“A defense mechanism whereby people incorporate positive qualities of another person into their ego. ”

Question 43

WHAT PARTS IN freud's theories were kept and what parts were unsupported

Answer 43

unsupported: sexual stages of development. no evidence nor support during his times, his theories were not falsifiable, not a good guide , other parts of his theories were later on supported, like the concept of unconscious, mechanism defenses, impact of childhod experiment