Sigmund Freud Flashcards
levels of mental life
unconscious
preconscious
unconscious
unconscious drives, urges, and instincts motivate most of our words, feelings, and actions. We’re often unaware of the mental processes behind our overt behaviors.
unconscious
the unconscious is the explanation for the meaning behind dreams, slips of the tongue, and certain kinds of forgetting.
repression
a portion of our unconscious originates from the experiences of our early ancestors that have been passed on to us through hundreds of generations of repetition.
phylogenetic endowment
contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty.
preconscious
a person perceives is conscious for only a transitory period.
conscious perception
freud believed that many everyday slips are not chance accidents but reveal a person’s unconscious intentions.
freudian slip
those mental elements in awareness at any given point in time. It is the only level of mental life directly available to us.
conscious
includes nonthreatening ideas from the preconscious as well as menacing but well-disguised images from the unconscious.
mental structure
They are merely hypothetical constructs.
provinces of the mind
3 provinces of the mind
ID / Ego / Superego
pleasure principle / has no contact with reality
ID (Das Es)
reality principle / the decision making to executive branch of personality
Ego (Das Ich)
guided by the moralistic and realistic principle
Superego (Uber Ich)
results from experiences with punishments for improper behaviour and tells us what we should not do.
conscience
develops from experiences with rewards for proper behaviour and tells us what we should do.
ego - ideal
“motivational principle” to explain the driving forces behind people’s actions.
dynamics of personality
operate as a constant motivational force and as an internal stimulus, drives differs from external stimuli in that they cannot be avoided through flight.
drive / impulse
aim is pleasure but is not limited to genital satisfaction
sex drive
the genitals, the mouth, and the anus are capable of producing sexual pleasures.
erogenous zones
can be withdrawn from one person to another and placed in a state of free - floating tension, or it can be reinvested in another person, including the self.
libido
involves love of one’s self
narcissism
is when their libido is invested exclusively on their own ego.
primary narcissism
not universal but a moderate degree of self love is common to nearly everyone (family, friends, lovers)
secondary narcissism
invest their libido on an object or person other than themselves.
love
need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person.
sadism
sexual pleasure from suffering from pain and humiliation inflicted by either themselves or others.
masochism
destructive drive / fully flexible and can take a number of forms like; teasing, gossiping, sarcasm, humiliation, humor, and enjoyment in other peoples suffering.
aggression
it is a felt and unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger.
anxiety
3 types of anxiety
neurotic
moral
reality
apprehension about an unknown danger.
neurotic
stems from conflict between ego and superego.
moral
closely related to fear.
reality
a process used by the ego to distort reality and protect a person from anxiety.
defense mechanism
example: a young girl may permanently repress her hostility for a younger sister because her hateful feelings create too much anxiety. / what defense mechanism is this?
repression
example: she hates her sister, but when she approached by her sister, she smile / what defense mechanism is this?
reaction formation
example: the boss fired him so when he got home, he kicked the dog. / what defense mechanism is this?
displacement
example: every time you experiencing stress or anxiety, you smoke, eat, or talk too much. / what defense mechanism is this?
fixation
example: under extreme stress one adult may adopt the fetal position, another may return home to mother. / what defense mechanism is this?
regression
example: “I’m not alcoholic, you are alcoholic” / what defense mechanism is this?
projection
a mental disorder with an extreme type of projection, it is characterized by powerful delusions of jealousy and persecution.
paranoia
example: an adolescent may introject or adopt the mannerisms, values, or lifestyle of a movie star. / what defense mechanism is this?
introjection
example: when a person is sad, he paints instead of being sad. / what defense mechanism is this?
sublimation
stages of development
infantile
latency
genital
psychosexual stages
oral
anal
phallic
this is the first four (4) to five (5) years of life and is considered the most crucial for personality formation.
infantile stage
most of infants’s pleasure comes from stimulation of the mouth.
oral stage
characterized by satisfaction gained through aggressive behavior and through the excretory function called sadistic - anal phase.
anal stage
children receive satisfaction by destroying or losing objects.
early anal
they sometimes take a friendly interest toward their feces, an interest that stems from the erotic pleasure of defecating.
late anal
people who continue to receive erotic satisfaction by keeping and possessing objects and by arranging them in an excessively neat and orderly fashion.
anal character
orderliness stinginess, and obstinacy which typifies the adult anal character.
anal triad
child starts to differentiate or determine the sex organ.
phallic stage
condition of rivalry toward the father and incestuous feelings toward the mother
male oedipus complex / oedipus complex
fear of losing the penis
castration anxiety
the desire for sexual intercourse with the father and accompanying feelings of hostility for the mother
female oedipus complex / electra complex
girls become envious, feel cheated, and desire to have penis.
penis envy
If parental suppression is successful, children will repress their sexual drive and direct their psychic energy toward school, friendships, hobbies, and other nonsexual activities.
latency stage
puberty signals a reawakening of the sexual aim
genital stage
what was the primary goal of freud’s therapeutic techniques?
to uncover repressed memories through free association and dream analysis.
the purpose to arrive at the unconscious by starting with a present conscious idea and following it through a train of associations to wherever it leads.
free association
refers to the strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment.
transference
permits patients to more or less relive childhood experiences within the nonthreatening climate of the analytic treatment.
positive transference
in the form of hostility must be recognized by the therapist and explained to patients so that they can overcome any resistance to treatment
negative transference
refers to a variety of unconscious responses used by patients to block their own progress in therapy.
resistance
transform the manifest content of dreams to the more important latent content.
dream analysis
the surface meaning or the conscious description given by the dreamer
manifest content
refers to its unconscious material
latent content
the manifest dream content isn’t as extensive as the latent level, indicating the unconscious material was condensed.
condensation
that the dream image is replaced by some other idea only remotely related to it
displacement
