Melanie Klein Flashcards
built on careful observations of young children.
object relations theory
\psychic representations of unconscious id instincts. Infants at birth already possesses a fantasy about life, they already have their unconscious images of “good” and “bad”.
phantasies (fantasies)
where it is exerted and applied.
objects
ways of dealing with both internal and external objects.
positions
a way of organizing experiences that includes both paranoid feelings of being persecuted and a splitting of internal and external objects into the good and the bad.
paranoid - schizoid positions
The feelings of anxiety over losing a loved object coupled with a sense of guilt for wanting to destroy that object
depressive positions
to protect their ego against the anxiety aroused by their own destructive fantasies
psychic defense mechanism
infants fantasize taking into their body those perception and experience that they had with external object.
introjection
the fantasy that one’s own feelings and impulses actually reside in another person and not within one’s body.
projection
infants develop a picture of both the “good me” and the “bad me” that enables them to deal with both pleasurable and destructive impulses toward external objects.
splitting
infants split of an acceptable parts of themselves, project them onto an another object and finally introject them back into themselves
projective identification
person takes in aspects of the external world and then organizes those introjections into a psychologically meaningful framework.
internalizations
mostly unorganized at birth; begins to evolve with the infant’s first experience with feeding.
ego
extreme violence is a reaction to the ego’s aggressive self-defense against its own destructive tendencies.
superego
children’s fear of relation from their parents for their fantasy of emptying the parent’s body
oedipus complex
begins during the first month of life a little girl sees her mother’s breast as both good and bad
female oedipal development
At this moment the little boy is in his feminine position that is, he adopts a passive homosexual attitude toward his father and heterosexual relationship with his mother.
male oedipal development
She was primarily concerned with psychological birth of the individual that takes place during the first 3 years
Margaret Mahler’s View
To achieve psychological birth and individuation a child proceed to series of three major developmental stage and for substage:
normal autism
normal symbiosis
separation - individuation
a period of absolute primary narcissism in which an infant is unaware of any other person.
normal autism
infants gradually realize that they can’t satisfy their own needs they begin to recognize their primary caregiver and to seek a symbiotic relationship with her.
normal symbiosis
children became psychologically separated from their mothers, achieve a sense of individuation, and begin to develop feeling of personal identity.
separation - individuation
marked by a bodily breaking away from the mother - infants symbiotic orbit.
differentiation
during this children easily distinguish their body from their mother’s. They establish a specific bond with their mother and begin to develop an autonomous ego.
practicing
desire to bring their mother and themselves back together
rapprochement
during this time children must develop a constant inner representation of their mother so that they can tolerate being physically separate from her.
libidinal object constancy
infants required adult caregivers not only to gratify physical needs but also to satisfy basic psychological needs.
Heinz Kohut’s View
2 basic narcissistic needs:
grandiose exhibitionistic / idealized parent image
“If others see me as perfect, then I am perfect.”
grandiose exhibitionistic
“You are perfect, but I am part of you.”
idealized parent image
both human and primate infants go through a clear sequence of reactions when separated from their primary caregivers.
John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory
3 stages of separation anxiety
protest
despair
detachment
when their caregiver is first out of sight, infants will cry, resist soothing by other people, and search for their caregiver.
protest stage
As separation continues, infants become quiet, sad, passive, listless, and apathetic.
despair stage
During this stage, infants become emotionally detached from other people, including their caregiver. If their caregiver (mother) returns, infants will disregard and avoid her.
detachment stage
developed a technique for measuring the type of attachment style that exist between caregiver and infants known the strange situation.
Mary Ainsworth and the Strange Situation
There are 3 attachment style rating:
secure attachment
anxious - resistant attachment style
anxious - avoidant style
when their mother returns, infants are happy and enthusiastic and initiate contact
secure attachment
infants are ambivalent anxious
anxious - resistant attachment style
infants are stay calm when their mother leaves, they accept the stranger and when their mother returns, they ignore and avoid her.
anxious - avoidant style
it is a way that young children express their conscious and unconscious wishes
play therapy
it is a way that young children express their conscious and unconscious wishes
play therapy
