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Psychology 100: TermTest 2 > Sight > Flashcards

Sight Flashcards

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1
Q

Non-verbal communication

A

other ways of communicating like facial expressions and body language

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2
Q

Visual light spectrum

A

the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans can see

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3
Q

What is the stimuli for vision

A

electromagnetic radiation

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4
Q

What is light made of?

A

photons

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5
Q

Iris

A

adjusts the pupils to let more or less light in (there are muscle who also do this)

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6
Q

What is the process of seeing?

A
  1. the iris changes shape to allow the our pupils to let more or less light in.
  2. Muscles adjust the shape of the lens.
  3. The light gets focus on to the retina
  4. Photoreceptors on the retina stimulate the axons of ganglion cells
  5. signal travels along the optic nerve and leads to the brain
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7
Q

Transduction

A

the conversion of light into neural impulses

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8
Q

Photoreceptors

A

sensory receptor cells along the retina

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9
Q

Rods

A

a type of photoreceptor that detect light at night and have no colour receptors

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10
Q

Cones

A

A type of photoreceptor that detects light during the day and the night and work in colour.

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11
Q

Layers of the retina

A

Optic nerve axons > ganglion cells > bipolar cells > cones/rods

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12
Q

Optic nerve

A

axons that carry the visual information out of the eye to the brain

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13
Q

Optic disc

A

(blind spot) is the part of the retina without any cones or robs; where the optic nerve connects with the brain

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14
Q

Why do we not have a blind spot in our vision?

A

the brain fills in the gaps

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15
Q

Fovea

A

a region of the retina made up of cones that allows us to see more sharply

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16
Q

Sensory adaptation of sight

A

The dilation and constriction of the pupil changes the amount of light that you can see

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17
Q

What senses colour

A

cones

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18
Q

Hue

A

Colour bases on the wavelength of the light

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19
Q

Saturation

A

Purity/vividness of the colour

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20
Q

Brightness

A

How much light is being reflected (black and white scale)

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21
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

Specialized cones that each detect one of the three main colours and the rest are all mixtures

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22
Q

What are the three main colours?

A

Green, blue, red

23
Q

What are the shortcomings of trichromatic theory

A

does not explain afterimage

24
Q

Opponent process theory

A

colours work to inhibit eachother and display their colour.

25
Q

Opponent process theory pairs

A

red and green, black and white, blue and yellow

26
Q

Negative after-image effect

A

Seeing the image in its antagonistic colour after you have looked away

27
Q

Two stage model

A

Stage one: cones respond to the three primary colours
Stage two: the signal is processed by the opponent process cells

28
Q

Sight path in brain

A

superior colliculus > thalamus > contralateral primary visual cortex

29
Q

What psychological group is used to explain vision groupings

A

gestalt psychology

30
Q

Figure ground

A

determining what is in the foreground and the background when the image is ambiguous

31
Q

Proximity

A

visual stimuli closer together must be in the same group

32
Q

Continuity

A

stimuli along the same plane must be grouped together

33
Q

Closure

A

tendency to fill in the gaps between lines to make an image

34
Q

Similarity

A

stimuli that resembles one another are grouped together

35
Q

Retinal disparity

A

viewing things slightly different out of each eye

36
Q

binocular cues

A

requiring both eyes

37
Q

monocular cues

A

requiring one eye

38
Q

Convergence

A

the inward movement of eyes to look at something close

39
Q

Interposition

A

when one object blocks part of another from our view, the blocked object looks farther way (monocular)

40
Q

Relative height

A

seeing objects higher as farther away (monocular)

41
Q

Texture gradient

A

Seeing details on the surface (monocular)

42
Q

Linear perspective

A

converging parallel lines (monocular)

43
Q

Light and shadow

A

Light as a cue to distance (monocular)

44
Q

Clarity or aerial perspective

A

tendency to see closer objects with more clarity

45
Q

Familiar size

A

the assumption that things stay the same size

46
Q

Relative size

A

seeing smaller objects as farther away

47
Q

Motion parallax

A

the relative movement of objects vs stationary objects

48
Q

monocular goal

A

to determine distance and depth

49
Q

Perceptual constancies

A

top-down processing that causes us to believe that things are unchanging despite environmental changes

50
Q

What are the types of perceptual constancies

A

colour constancy, size constancy, shape constancy

51
Q

What do infants rely on for sight

A

contrasts

52
Q

when does sight fully develop

A

8 months

53
Q

Strabismus

A

misalignment of the eyes and causes blindness in the weaker eye

54
Q

Amblyopia

A

partial or complete loss of vision due to abnormal brain development.

Psychology 100: TermTest 2 (9 decks)

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