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Block 3 Week 2 Meg > Sievert: posterior abdominal wall > Flashcards

Sievert: posterior abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

Structures that are retroperitoneal

A 
urinary system
adrenal glands
sympathetic trunk and its branches to ganglia
thoracic duct/cisterna chyli
posterior abdominal wall
aorta and IVC
rectum
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2
Q

peritoneal ligaments

A 
lesser omentum
epiploic foramen
lesser sac
gastrosplenic ligament
splenorenal ligament
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3
Q

Two ligaments that make up the lesser sac

A

hepatogastric

hepatoduodenal

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4
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

right kidney

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5
Q

What ribs does the left kidney cover? What about the right kidney?

A

11 and 12

part of 12

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6
Q

Which layer of fat is between the peritoneum and the renal fascia? Which layer lies between the kidney and the renal fascia?

A

pararenal; perirenal

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7
Q

Near what mesenteric branch of the aorta do the renal arteries come off?

A

near the superior mesenteric branch

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8
Q

3 areas of narrowing of the ureter

A
  1. where the ureter leaves the kidney
  2. where the ureter passes over the pelvic brim
  3. where the ureter enters the bladder
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9
Q

Where does parasympathetic innervation to the kidneys come from? Where do these neurons synapse?

A

Levels S2-4 (pelvic splanchnics) and the vagus

on ganglia in the renal sinus

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10
Q

Where does sympathetic innervation to the kidneys come from? Where do they synapse?

A

lesser and least thoracic splanchnics and lumbar splanchnics

on ganglia on superior mesenteric artery or renal artery

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11
Q

How do sensory fibers from the kidneys return to the spinal cord?

A

Via the vagus and the sympathetics

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12
Q

Where do sensory fibers from the ureters return to?

A

T11-T12 spinal nerves

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13
Q

Are the suprarenal glands developmentally related to the kidney?

A

No

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14
Q

What kind of gland is the suprarenal gland?

A

endocrine

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15
Q

What is the blood supply to the suprarenal glands?

A

superior suprarenal off inferior phrenic
middle suprarenal directly off the aorta
inferior suprarenal off the renal

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16
Q

Discuss the innervation to the adrenal gland. Is the neuron to the adrenal gland postganglionic or preganglionic? Are the neurons to the cortex post or preganglionic?

A

preganglionic; postganglionic

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17
Q

Where do hypogastric nerves arise from?

A

the superior hypogastric plexus

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18
Q

Where do 90% of the sympathetics to the pelvis come from?

A

hypogastic nerves

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19
Q

Where do the remaining 10% of sympathetics to the pelvis come from?

A

sacral splanchnics

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20
Q

Where do the vagal trunks terminate?

A

left colic flexure

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21
Q

After the left colic flexure, where does the remainder of the gut tube get its parasympathetic fibers from?

A

pelvic splanchnics S2-4

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22
Q

Formed by the combination of two lumbar trunks and one intestinal trunk as a small dilation just inferior to the diaphragm known as the cisterna chyli

A

thoracic duct

23
Q

What is the small dilation just inferior to the diaphragm known as?

A

cisterna chyli

24
Q

What are two muscles of the posterior wall musculature?

A

quadratus lumborum

psoas major

25
Q

List the abdominal aortic branches from superior to inferior

A 
Inferior phrenics
celiac artery
middle suprarenal
SMA
renal
gonadal
IMA
lumbar arteries
common iliacs
median sacral artery
26
Q

The lumbar veins connect the IVC to the (blank) which ultimately connects to the azygos system

A

ascending lumbar vein

27
Q

What is the ligament where the diaphragm abuts the quadratus lumborum?

A

Lateral arcuate ligament

28
Q

What is the ligament where the diaphragm abuts the psoas major?

A

Medial arcuate ligament

29
Q

This extends inferiorly to attach to the vertebral bodies

A

crura.

30
Q

Which crura is tighter, longer, and makes up the esophageal hiatus

A

right crura

31
Q

Two areas of the diaphragm

A

central tendinous area

peripheral muscular area

32
Q

A site of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

A

lumbocostal trigone

33
Q

Four embryonic structures forming the diaphragm

A
  1. septum transversum
  2. pleuroperitoneal membranes
  3. dorsal mesentery of esophagus forms the crura
  4. body wall from cervical somites
34
Q

Endoscopic examination of colon and distal end of small bowel with a fiberoptic camera

A

colonoscopy

35
Q

A twisting of the intestine causing bowel obstruction

A

volvulus

36
Q

Diverticuli most commonly occur in which region of the colon?

A

sigmoid colon

37
Q

The yolk stalk connects the the small bowel to the yolk sac. Usually, the duct fully obliterates around the 9th week of gestation. If not, what forms?

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

38
Q

The enfolding of one segment of the intestine within another; part of the intestine invaginates in another section of the intestine

A

intussusception

39
Q

At what level does the IVC penetrate the diaphragm?

A

T8

40
Q

At what level does the esophagus penetrate the diaphragm?

A

T10

41
Q

At what level does the aorta penetrate the diaphragm?

A

T12

42
Q

3 other structures that pass through the diaphragm?

A 
thoracic splanchnic nerves (through)
sympathetic trunk (behind the diaphragm)
vagal trunks (through the esophageal hiatus)
43
Q

What does the septum transversum form?

A

The central tendinous area

44
Q

What do the pleuroperitoneal membranes form?

A

The peripheral muscle area

45
Q

What does the dorsal mesentary of the esophagus form?

A

crura and esophageal hiatus

46
Q

What forms up the lateral portions of the diaphragmatic muscles?

A

cervical somites

47
Q

Where do 90% of sympathetics to the pelvis come from? Where does the other 10% come from?

A

hypogastric nerves; sacral splanchnics

48
Q

What nerve lies medial to the psoas muscle?

A

obturator

49
Q

What nerve lies lateral to the psoas muscle?

A

femoral

50
Q

What nerve runs on top of the psoas muscle?

A

genitofemoral

51
Q

What nerve lies under rib 12?

A

subcostal

52
Q

List the layers of the kidney from internal to external

A

kidney, perirenal fat, renal fascia, pararenal fat, transversalis fascia

53
Q

The ureter receives branches from these three arteries

A

renal
gonadal
vesicular

Block 3 Week 2 Meg (8 decks)

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