SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS Flashcards
In classical galactosemia, UDP-galactose cannot be generated from galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase. So, what enzyme must be used to generate UDP galactose?
UDP-galactose-4 epimerase (epimierization of UDP-glucose)
Glycogen phosphorylase makes what, which is later converted to G6P?
glucose-1-phosphate
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase makes what?
UDP-glucose
Can glycogen branching enzyme make alpha1,6 glycosidic bonds?
yes
Can glycogen synthase make alpha1,6 glycosidic bonds?
NO; glycogen synthase can only make alpha1,4 glycosidic bonds
Jaundice and red brown urine can be a symptom of a deficiency in this enzyme
G6PDH; The reaction catalyzed by this enzyme takes NADP+ to NADPH. Recall that NADPH is necessary to reduce glutathione in RBCs to protect them from the oxidizing environment.
The “release” of any glucose from the liver is dependent on this enzyme
G6Pase (takes G6P to free glucose)
During an overnight fast, what enzyme in the liver is INACTIVATED by phosphorylation?
glycogen synthase
It is typical for alcoholics to be deficient in this nutrient.
Vitamin B1; thiamin
Via what type of chemical reaction do we extract most of our energy from macronutrients?
oxidation of carbon
Inhibitors of KATP channels in pancreatic beta cells, stimulate insulin secretion from already failing beta cells. Can be a problem for patients concerned that their prediabetes may progress to Type II.
sulfonylureas
How is acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulated?
phosphorylation/dephosphorylation
What is the dominant GLUT transporter present in the placenta?
GLUT 3
What is the predominant GLUT transporter present in the muscle? What is unique about this transporter?
GLUT 4; it is insulin dependent
What is the predominant GLUT transporter found in pancreatic alpha cells? Beta cells?
GLUT 1; GLUT 2
Cholesterol is formed from the isoprenoid pathway. What are some other products formed from this pathway?
dolicols
squalene
ubiquinone
Vit D
Cholestyramine causes higher amounts of bile salts to be excreted via what type of interaction?
ionic
If you wanted to remove the left/descending colon, which two vessels would you ligate?
marginal artery at the splenic flexure, left colic artery
Over which part of the duodenum do the superior mesenteric vessels cross?
third portion
What portion of the intestines does the IMA supply blood to?
left colon
Which renal artery is longer?
Right renal artery
The left renal vein gets trapped beneath this branch of the aorta.
SMA
Is the adrenal gland encased in renal fascia like the kidney?
Yes
Which way do the lumbar splanchnics run in relation to the sympathetic trunk?
anteromedially
