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Block 3 Week 2 Meg > SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS > Flashcards

SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

In classical galactosemia, UDP-galactose cannot be generated from galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase. So, what enzyme must be used to generate UDP galactose?

A

UDP-galactose-4 epimerase (epimierization of UDP-glucose)

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2
Q

Glycogen phosphorylase makes what, which is later converted to G6P?

A

glucose-1-phosphate

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3
Q

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase makes what?

A

UDP-glucose

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4
Q

Can glycogen branching enzyme make alpha1,6 glycosidic bonds?

A

yes

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5
Q

Can glycogen synthase make alpha1,6 glycosidic bonds?

A

NO; glycogen synthase can only make alpha1,4 glycosidic bonds

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6
Q

Jaundice and red brown urine can be a symptom of a deficiency in this enzyme

A

G6PDH; The reaction catalyzed by this enzyme takes NADP+ to NADPH. Recall that NADPH is necessary to reduce glutathione in RBCs to protect them from the oxidizing environment.

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7
Q

The “release” of any glucose from the liver is dependent on this enzyme

A

G6Pase (takes G6P to free glucose)

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8
Q

During an overnight fast, what enzyme in the liver is INACTIVATED by phosphorylation?

A

glycogen synthase

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9
Q

It is typical for alcoholics to be deficient in this nutrient.

A

Vitamin B1; thiamin

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10
Q

Via what type of chemical reaction do we extract most of our energy from macronutrients?

A

oxidation of carbon

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11
Q

Inhibitors of KATP channels in pancreatic beta cells, stimulate insulin secretion from already failing beta cells. Can be a problem for patients concerned that their prediabetes may progress to Type II.

A

sulfonylureas

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12
Q

How is acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulated?

A

phosphorylation/dephosphorylation

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13
Q

What is the dominant GLUT transporter present in the placenta?

A

GLUT 3

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14
Q

What is the predominant GLUT transporter present in the muscle? What is unique about this transporter?

A

GLUT 4; it is insulin dependent

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15
Q

What is the predominant GLUT transporter found in pancreatic alpha cells? Beta cells?

A

GLUT 1; GLUT 2

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16
Q

Cholesterol is formed from the isoprenoid pathway. What are some other products formed from this pathway?

A

dolicols
squalene
ubiquinone
Vit D

17
Q

Cholestyramine causes higher amounts of bile salts to be excreted via what type of interaction?

A

ionic

18
Q

If you wanted to remove the left/descending colon, which two vessels would you ligate?

A

marginal artery at the splenic flexure, left colic artery

19
Q

Over which part of the duodenum do the superior mesenteric vessels cross?

A

third portion

20
Q

What portion of the intestines does the IMA supply blood to?

A

left colon

21
Q

Which renal artery is longer?

A

Right renal artery

22
Q

The left renal vein gets trapped beneath this branch of the aorta.

A

SMA

23
Q

Is the adrenal gland encased in renal fascia like the kidney?

A

Yes

24
Q

Which way do the lumbar splanchnics run in relation to the sympathetic trunk?

A

anteromedially

25
Q

How do postsynaptic fibers from the celiac ganglion mostly distribute?

A

mainly with the blood vessels

26
Q

Structures that penetrate or pass directly behind the diaphragm.

A

IVC, aorta, esophagus, vagus nerves, thoracic duct, thoracic splanchnics, sympathetic trunk

27
Q

3 arteries supplying the adrenal gland

A

superior suprarenal from the inferior phrenic
middle suprarenal from the aorta
inferior suprarenal from the renal artery

28
Q

The ascending colon, duodenum, and pancreas are all considered…

A

secondarily retroperitoneal

29
Q

Problems associated with gastroparesis

A

decreased quality of life, bezoar formation, dehydration, malnutrition

30
Q

Ways to detect gastroparesis

A

upper GI endoscopy
scintigraphy
octanoic breath test
smart pill

31
Q

Is gastroparesis more common in men or women?

A

women

Block 3 Week 2 Meg (8 decks)

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