Side Effects Flashcards
what should you not use in an asthmatic patient
adenosine (use verapamil as alternative)
what anti hypertensive is a teratogen
ACEi
side effect of ciclosporin
nephrotoxicity
what can precipitate lithium toxicity
dehydration, renal failure, diuretics, ACEi, NSAIDs, metronidazole
what can you get with tramadol
serotonin syndrome
which anti seizure medication can cause erythema multiforme
carbamazepine
which anti psychotic increases the risk of VTE
olanzapine
SE beta blockers
bronchospasm, cold peripheries, fatigue, sleep disturbance
what antibiotic should you not have with alcohol
metronidazole- causes a dilsurfiram type reaction- head and neck flushing, N&V, sweaty, headache etc
what drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin, CCBs, ciclosporin, AML
which cardio drug is associated with corneal opacities and optic neuritis
amiodarone
which abx can cause a tendinopathy
cipro
SE finasteride
gynaecomastia and sexual dysfunction
what would the ABG show in aspirin OD
initial respiratory alkalosis due to stimulation respiratory centre then followed by metabolic acidosis leading to a mixed picture
SE of bisphosphonates
oesophagitis, oesophageal ulcers, osteonecrosis of the jaw, increased risk fractures proximal femoral shaft
what would you give in cellulitis if penicillin allergic
clarithro/clindamycin
what antibiotics decrease the seizure threshold
quinolones- cipro, levofloxacin
what is a side effect of ethambutol
optic neuritis
what is the treatment of active TB
first phase 2 months- ethambutol, pyradimide, isoniazid, rifampicin. continuation phase (next 4 months)- rifampicin, isoniazid
what is the treatment for eradication H pylori
PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin. or PPI + metronidazole +clarithromycin
gentamicin, vancomycin
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
any antibiotic
C dif colitis
ACEi
hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities, AKI, dry cough
B blockers
hypotension, bradycardia, wheeze, worsens acute heart failure
CCB eg diltiazem
hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral oedema, flushing
diuretics
hypotension, electrolyte disturbances, AKI
heparin
haemorrhage (especially renal failure), heparin induced thrombocytopenia
aspirin
haemorrhage, peptic ulcers and gastritis, tinnitus
digoxin
N&V, blurred vision, confusion, drowsy, xanthopsia (disturbed yellow/green vision including halo)
amiodarone
ILD, thyroid dysfunction, skin greying, corneal deposits
lithium
early- tremor, intermed- tired, late- arrhytmia, seizures, coma, renal failure
haloperidol
dyskineasia
steroids side effects
stomach ulcers, thin skin, edema, right and left heart failure, osteoporosis, infection, diabetes, cushings syndrome
fludrocortisone
HTN, Na and H2O retention
NSAIDS
no urine (renal failure), systolic dysfunction (heart failure), asthma, indigestion, dyscrasia
statin
myalgia, abdominal pain, incr ALT/AST, rhabdomyolysis
side effects metformin
GI side effects, lactic acidosis
side effects sulfonylureas
hypoglycaemia, incr appetite and weight gain, SIADH, liver dysfunction
SE glitazones
weight gain, fluid retention, liver dysfunction (do LFTs), fractures
which NSAID is CI in cardio disease
diclofenac
what is the most common cause of drug induced angioedema
ACEi
what medication can cause a blue vision
viagra - sildenafil
which anti TB drug causes peripheral neuropathy
isoniazid
contraindications of sildenafil
patient taking nitrates, nicorandil, hypotension, recent stroke or MI
which anti diabetes drug is most likely to cause cholestasis
gliclazide
interactions amiodarone
decreases wafarin metabolism so incr conc and incr INR. increases digoxin levels
SE alpha blockers
postural hypotension, drowsy, SOB, cough
if tolerance develops to nitrates what should you do
give another dose isosorbide mononitrate after 8 hours instead of 12
SE ARBs
hypotension, hyperkalaemia. (candesartan, losartan)
side effects azathioprine
bone marrow depression, N&V, pancreatitis
when is metformin CI
when eGFR <30 and use with caution if <45
what anti diabetes can you use if CKD
gliclazide
what is the main CI for stimulant laxatives (senna, bisacodyl)
colitis/cramps
main CI for osmotic laxatives
bloating
what laxative can be used in bowel evacuation
sodium picosulfate
what can aminophylline cause at toxic levels
tachycardia and fatal tachyarrhthmyias
what do loop and thiazide diuretics do to K
lower it
when should diuretics be prescribed
not at nighttime`
when should ACEi be prescribed (lisinopril)
at night time to reduce the daytime postural hypotension
which anti emetic should be used with caution in Parkinsons patients
metoclopramide (dopamine antagonist). domperidone is a good choice as it does not cross the BBB
can simvastatin be taken in pregnancy
no- contraindicated
which antibiotic is used in C dif
metronidazole
when is gradual withdrawal of steroids necessary
received more than 40mg prednisolone daily for more than one week
received more than 3 weeks treatment
recently received repeated courses
which diuretic can cause gout
loop eg furosemide
what anti emetic can cause fluid retention and so shouldnt be used in heart failure
cyclizine
which anti emetic should be avoided in parkinsons
metoclopramide
what does hypokalaemia do to the effect of digoxin
augments it as it competes with K at Na/K ATPase and limits Ca in.
SE amiodarone
ILD, hyper and hypothyroidism, corneal deposits, skin greying
management INR > 8
vitamin K by slow IV injection
management INR 6-8 and no bleeding
withold 1-2 doses warfarin and restart at a lower dose
causes SIADH
malignancy (SCLC, prostate, pancreas), neuro (stroke, SAH, subdural, meningitis, abscess), drugs, infections (pneumonia, TB), porphyrias, PEEP
drugs causing SIADH
SSRIs, TCAs, cabamazepine, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, sulhponylureas
which types of antibiotics are associated with benign intracranial hypertension
tetracyclines/doxycycline
side effect pizotifen
weight gain
when is metformin CI
significant renal impairment or acutely unwell
what can cause urinary retention
morphine / opioids. anticholinergics (anti psychotics, anti depressants), anaesthetics, alpha agonists, benzos, NSAIDs, CCBs, anti histamines, alcohol
can metoclopramide cause confusion
yes
what can HRT do to BP
increase it- Na and water retention
drugs causing increase in BP
prednisolone, NSAIDs, venlafaxine
what is prochlorperazine
dopamine antagonist (anti psychotic)- can worsen parkinsons features
what drugs can cause constipation
codeine, ferrous sulfate
when is emergency contraception not required (if on regular medication and missed pills)
if taken 7 consecutive days worth of the pill then don’t need emeregency contraception, but need to use alternative for the next7 days.
what CCBs should be avoided in heart failure patient
diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine
what is the conversion of morphine PO to IM,SC,IV
10mg to 5mg
if miss one pill anywhere in the pack what should be done
just take the pill as soon as know and continue as normal. should be protected from pregnancy
what is eplerenone
K sparing diuretic
what anti depressant causes abnormal dreams
mirtazapine
oral abx for scarlet fever
phenoxymethylpenicillin
what should you give in oculogyric crisis
procyclidine
what dose is required for pred in exac COPD
30mg
what HRT can be used if don’t want withdrawal bleeding
Evorel conti - contains estradiol and norethisterone, continuous so no withdrawal bleed
what is CI in PVD
B blockers as cause vasoconstriction
common triggers of psoriasis
b blockers, lithium, NSAIDs, ACEi
when should patient stop taking bisphosphonates
if start developing oesophageal reactions
drugs causing hyperprolactinaemia
phenothiazines eg prochloperazine, metoclopramide, domperidone
what can bendro do to Calcium
hypercalcaemia
what can contribute to lithium toxicity
NSAIDs causing renal impairment
side effects long term use of PPIs
osteoporosis, fractures and can mask gastric cancer
when are triptans CI
in cardiac disease- IHD
what illicit drugs can increase chance of VTE
opioids- heroin
