SID Flashcards
What is the cause of SID
What is it not?
Acquired in life
Not a mutation
What are the 5 causes of SID
Haematological
Endocrine
Drugs
Infection
Malnutrition
What is vit D involved with?
What haematological cause is there for SID
macrophage phagocytosis
Aplastic Anaemia
how many people are infected with AIDS
How many years has this been a pandemic?
30-40 million infected
35 years pandemic
What genome is found in HIV pre entering host cell?
What does RT transcribe it into?
+ssRNA ——-> -ssDNA
3xGP120 + 3xGP41 form what complex?
What structure is this?
Spike complex
Heterodimer
What two ways is HIV transmitted?
What % is done by maternofetal?
Intravascular Inoculation
Mucosal
20%
X4 T tropic infect what cells
What co-receptors are used (2)
CD4 T cells
CCR5 / CXCR4
R5 M tropic cells infect what cells?
What co-receptors are used?
what % is M tropic infections
Macrophages / dendrites
CCR5
90%
What are the 3 main routes of HIV infection
Which one is the most efficient way through dissemination?
Dendrites (most eff)
Ulceration (low epithelial integrity)
Donor cell transmigration
Transcytotic pathway
What is the final step of HIV replication that allows infectious mature HIV to bud off from cell
Viral proteases cleaves polypeptides
What are 3 DIRECT ways that T cells are dynsfunctioned from HIV infection
Accumulation of unintegrated VIral DNA
Viral Budding
CD8-MHC1 killing of host cell
What are 3 INDIRECT ways that T cells are dynsfunctioned from HIV infection
Synctium Formation
Apoptosis
Innocent killing of bystander T cell
Name 3 manifestations of SID
Hypergammaglobulinaemia
Hyperactivation of B cells
Autoimmune phenomena –> SLE
Name a opportunistic infection that arises from SID
Name a virus that can induce Kaposi Sarcoma
Oral Candida
HHV-8
What test is used to measure HIV RNA copies?
Viral Load test
How are CD4 levels measured?
<500cells/mm3 =?
<200 cells / mm3 = ?
Flow Cytometry
Immunocomprimised
Symptoms shown
What 2 serological ways are AB screened for?
What sensitivity does this provide?
Immunoassays / Western blot = screens for HIV AB
99.5%
NAAT tests for what?
Viral RNA
What is a fast diagnosis thats low spec/sensitivity
What does it detect
Immunoassay for P24 (found on shell of virus)
Viral load assay detects how many copies of RNA/ml?
What can this allow? whats its drawback
40-50 copies / ml
predictive progression of HIV infection = low accuracy
Flow cytometry can be used to work out what ratio?
What can this allow
CD4 : CD8 : TLC
risk of progression
Whats the drawback of flow cytometry for HIV diagnosis
other infections like herpes can decrease CD4
if CD4 <200/ul, what is the patient at an increased risk of?
If CD4 <100/ul, what is the patient at an increased risk of?
Fungal infection
Herpes Infection
Name 2 immunological markers for HIV diagnosis
what sort of markers is one of them
B2 microglobulin + Neopterin (surrogate marker)
Why are the immunological markers good for diagnosis w/other tests?
Markers increases independent of CD4 count
if CD4 count = 500-350, what WHO stage is this?
What virus are they at most risk from
2 - minor symptoms
Zoster virus
If CD4 count = 350-200, what WHO stage is this
What bacteria are they at most risk from
3 - moderate symptoms
TB
if CD4 count = <200, what WHO stage is this
What virus are they at most risk from
4- AIDS
Severe Chronic Herpes Virus
