Autoimmune Flashcards
Name two types of Autoimmunity
Systemic (MS)
Tissue Specific (type 1)
Name one type of barrier used in sequestering antigens
Blood Brain Barrier
What % of the Western Population have an autoimmune condition?
Whos affected moore, male or females?
3%
Females
Overall, what defines if someone has an autoimmune condition based off the genetics?
change in alleles of HLA
Name the transcription factor involved in deleteting self reactive T cells
Where is it found and on what chromosome
AIRE
Thymus (Chromo.21)
What protein is found on cardiac muscle thats found on what bacteria that causes molecular mimicry?
What can this cause?
M protein
Group A streptococcus
Rheumatic Fever
IDDM can be caused by what virus with what protein?
What molecular mimicry does it mimic?
Coxsackie B4 virus
Pancreatic islet Glutamic decarboxylase
At what point in life does autoimmune diseases peak at
during reproductive years
what hormone peaks after pregnancy thats related to autoimmune condition?
What reference?
Prolactin surges after pregnancy
Piccinni, 2016
Prolactin surge can induce what autoimmune condition?
SLE
What drug is use to treat Wilsons Disease
How does it do it? But what can it induce
Penicillamine
Binds to MHC grove = SLE
What type of hypersensitivity is SLE?
What 3 conditions can it induce
type 2/3
HA / Alopecia / Discoid Rashes
Who has the majority of SLE cases
women (20-40)
African American
What are the main symptoms of SLE (2)
Butterfly rash
Cardiac/brain dysfunction
How many people are affected by SLE
26.2/100,000
What deficiency is associated with SLE
C2-C4 (pickering, 2000)
What Drug is associated with SLE
Hydralazine (Cameron, 1984)
What auto antibodies are associated with SLE (3)
Smith Gene
Nuclear
Chromatin/splicesome complex
What 2 drugs and 1 procedure can be used as treatment for SLE
Prednisone
Hydroxychloroquine
Dialysis
IDDM can be induced by what 2 viruses? What does it do?
Rubella / Coxsackie B4 (auto-AB)
Destroy beta cells
What allele change is associated with IDDM
HLA DR3/4
In graves disease, what auto-AB is created against what? What does this lead to?
TSH
Hyperthyroidism
in Graves disease, whos most affected and by how much?
5x women in 30-40 years old
What two treatments are done for graves disease patients
Prednisone
Thyroidectomy
What 2 viruses are associated with Rheumatoid Arthritus?
What allele is associated with RA?
EBV // HTLV-1
HLA-DR1/4
What IG is associated with the immune complex build up in RA = pain?
IgM / IgG
What 3 things are used in diagnostics for RA?
High ESR (CRP/Fibrinogen high)
Anti-CCP AB
Rh factor (in synovial fluid)
Define Multiple Sclerosis and who it affects the most
Chronic Demyelinating Disease of CNS
caucasians (Huang,2017)
What virus and light is associated with the temperate climate association with MS?
Measles + UV + Temperate Climate + equator
Tucker, 2008
What does myelin basic protein line? What cells are involved in the autoimmune response against myelin basic protein?
Lines Nerve fibres
Autoreactive T cells => Macrophages + IgG
What forms a neural deficit in MS patients?
What can this neural deficit induce?
Inflammatory Lesions –> Neural Dysfunction–>Deficit
Permanent dmg = weakness / highly variable
What procedure is done in MS patients for diagnosis?
What is done to obtain the sample? How many have these bands?
Isoelectric Focussing –> Oligoclonal Bands (IgG)
Lumbar puncture in 90% patients
What anti-inflammatory drug is given for MS?
What does this do?
IFN-B (Avonex)
Improves BBB integrity
Natalizumab for MS binds to what? What does it decrease?
VLA-4
B + T lympocytes in CSF (Lesesve, 2011)
Avonex and …. is designed as an Anti-CD25 (blocks activated auto T cells)
Instead what does it do?
Daclizumab
Increases NK cells (CD56)
What MAB drug is anti CD52 for MS patients?
What does it do?
Alemtuzumab
suppresses B / T cells = Decreases lesion sizes
Alemtuzumab also deletes what? What unfortunantly can this induce
deletes inhibitory T cells
Autoimmune of the thyroid
Steroids for general Autoimmune diseases can lead to what for bones?
Osteoporosis
Inhibits blast function = Increases Ca2+ abs + Excretion
