Sick Newborns Flashcards
Why do they get subcostal recession?
increased elasticity of the chest can cause breathing into the spine
What does grunting signifiy?
Breathing against a closed glottis
What does billious vomiting signify?
green - shows bowel obstruction
What is done for hypoxic brain injury?
cool cap to prevent neurodevelopmental disorder in the future
What bacterial infections are children at risk of?
group B strep, e.coli, listeria, staph A and staph epi
What viral infections are children most at risk of?
HIV, Hep, parovirus, herpes, enteroviruses
What causes transient tachyopnoea of the newborn?
TTN = incomplete expulsion of the fluid from the lung mainly due to CS. Should resolve within 24hr-72 hrs
What are the signs of TTN?
hyperinflation of the lungs with perfusion on CXR, diaphragmatic flattening
What is hydrops foetalis?
presence of fluid where it shouldnt be e.g. ascites, pericardial, pleural effusion
What is hydrops foetalis associated with?
Rhesus
What is potter’s disease?
This is when there is no development of the kidneys - therefore failure to produce amniotic fluid. There will be failed lung and alveoli development as well as musculature underdevelopment and contractures. This is not compatible with life
What is hypoglycaemia of the newborn associated with?
decreased reserves (LBW or SGA) Due to maternal disease = diabetes causing hyperinsulinaemia (foetal macrosomnia)
in a pre-term baby is the need to heat higher or lower?
higher due to the increased SA:vol, decreased subcut fat, decreased mobility and decrease BMR
What can be done to keep a preterm baby warm?
Place in plastic bag (still wet) and under a heater. can also incubate, heater mattress
What is the difference between early and late sepsis?
Early = acquired before/during delivery Late = acquired after delivery (community)
What organisms may be causative in early sepsis?
GB strep, gram negatives
What organisms may be causative in late sepsis?
staph epidermidis, gram negatives, staph aureus
What are some factors that put a pre-term baby at risk of infection?
immature immune system, indwelling lines and ports and the intensive care environment in general
What is NRDS?
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome - when there is deficiency of pulmonary surfactant in the lungs and the lungs themselves are immature - this is due to pre-term birth
How common is NRDS?
Very - 75% of neonates born before 29 weeks and 10% of neonates born after 32 weeks
How will NRDS present?
Grunting, cyanosis, intercostal recession, nasal flaring, tachypnoea
When will NRDS present?
from start but will reach worst at 2-4 days
How do you manage NRDS?
give maternal steroid if think will be pre-term, surfactant and ventilation
What is patent ductus arteriosus?
this is when the ductus arteriosus (connecting the pulmonary artery and aorta) remains patent after birth - causing an decrease in the oxygenation of the blood.
How will patent ductus arteriosus present?
asymptomatic in the early stages but will show increased work of breathing, poor weight gain and may have signs of congested heart failure
What are the types of intraventricular haemorrhage?
1 and 2 = 20% will have neurodevelopmental delay, 10% mortality rate
3 and 4 = 80% will have neurodevelopmental delay, 50% mortality rate
What is necrotising colitis?
When a portion of the bowel dies
Wha does necrotising colitis present with?
poor feeding, bloating, vomiting bile and blood in stool
