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MIDTERM REVIEWER > SIA101 > Flashcards

SIA101 Flashcards

1
Q
  • is any type of software that facilitates communication
    between two or more software systems
  • is a technology that allows us to move information
    between multiple enterprises
A

Middleware

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2
Q

two types of middleware models

A

Logical middleware model
Physical

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3
Q

Depicts how information moves throughout the enterprise conceptually

A

Logical middleware model

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4
Q

Depicts both the actual method of information movement
and the technology employe

A

Physical

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5
Q
  • uses a simple pipe to allow one application to link to another application.
  • is not an effective application integration
    solution, as most problem domains require linking multiple applications
A

Point-to-point middleware

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6
Q

Point-to-point middleware Disadvantages:

A
  • Inability to bind more than two applications
  • Lacks ability to house application logic
  • Lacks ability to change messages as they flow through the pipe
  • Dealing with multiple applications can lead to complexities
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7
Q
  • Links many applications to many other applications
  • It provides flexibility and applicability to the application integration problem domain
A

Many-to-Many Middleware

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8
Q
  • Generally, requires a queue manager to place a message in a queue.
  • The remote application then retrieves the message
  • Receiving application need not to be active when calling
A

Communication Model: Queued Communication

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9
Q

This model allows the
middleware user to “fire off” a
message and then “forget” about
it

A

Fire and forget

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10
Q

The middleware layer is a synchronous
process that accepts a message from the calling program

A

Direct communication

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11
Q

The calling program does not
establish a connection with the target process

A

Connectionless communication

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12
Q

Connectionless communication: The process involves two parties connecting

A

Communication Model

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13
Q
  • is tightly coupled to applications
  • is crucial for applications to process functions calls
A

Synchronous middleware

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14
Q
  • is decoupled from source or target applications
  • is a system that transfers information between multiple applications
A

Asynchronous middleware

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15
Q

Types of Middleware

A

 RPC
 Message-oriented middleware (MOM)
 Distributed objects
 Database-oriented middleware
 Transactional middleware
 Integration servers

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16
Q
  • Oldest type of middleware
  • Provide ability to invoke a function within one program
  • synchronous
A

Remote Procedures Calls (PRC)

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17
Q

Advantage of RPC

A

its simplicity for mechanism and programming

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18
Q

Disadvantage of RPC

A

are its huge performance cost and inability to scale

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19
Q
  • is queuing software that uses is messages as a mechanism
  • uses the notion of messages to communicate between
    applications
  • asynchronous
A

Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM)

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20
Q

MOM supports two communication models

A

Point-to-point
Message queuing (MQ)

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21
Q
  • Small application programs that use standard interfaces
  • Provide mechanisms for application development
A

Distributed Objects

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22
Q

There are two types of distributed objects in market today

A
  • Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
  • Component Object Model (COM)
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23
Q

facilitates communication with databases, enabling
information extraction from local or remote databases

A

Database-Oriented Middleware

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24
Q

Works with two basic database types

A
  • Call-level interfaces (CLI)
  • Native database middleware
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25
Q

Call-level interfaces (CLI) (enumerate 2)

A
  • Common APIs that span several types of
    databases
  • Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
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26
Q
  • Provides mechanism for coordination information movement
  • Requires changes with source and target applications
A

Transaction-Oriented Middleware

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27
Q
  • The purpose is to facilitate communication between multiple applications
  • Provides scalability by sharing and processing transactions
A

TP Monitors

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28
Q

TP Monitors provides two services:

A
  • Guarantee the integrity of transactions
  • Resource management and run time management services
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29
Q

Provide application logic sharing and processing and for
connections to back-end resources

A

Application Servers

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30
Q
  • Facilitates information movement between two or more resources
  • Can also join many applications by using common rules and routing engines
A

Integration Servers

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31
Q
  • RPCs are slow, but their blocking nature provides best data integrity control
  • Messaging could provide better performance because the queue manager offers sophisticated performance-enhancing features
A

Tough Choices

32
Q

Core software used by companies to coordinate information in every area of business

A

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

33
Q

Collection of activities that takes some input and
creates an output that is of value to the customer.

A

Business process

34
Q

The key role of an ERP system is to provide support for business functions

A

Functional Areas and Business Processes

35
Q

To understand ERP, you must understand how a business works

A

o Functional areas of operation
o Business processes

36
Q

Functional Areas of Operation

A

o Marketing and Sales (M/S)
o Supply Chain Management (SCM)
o Accounting and Finance (A/F)
o Human Resources (HR)

37
Q

Activities specific to a functional area of operation

A

Business functions

38
Q

provide modules that support the major functional areas of a business.

A

ERP vendors

39
Q

embeds best business practices that implement the organization’s policy

A

ERP software

40
Q

Functions of Marketing and Sales

A

o Advertising and Marketing products
o Determining pricing
o Promoting products to customers
o Taking customers’ orders
o Helping create a sales forecast
o Customer support
o Customer Relationship Management

41
Q
  • Needs information from all other functional areas
  • Customers communicate orders to M/S in person or by telephone
  • needs to interact with Human Resources to
    exchange information on hiring needs
A

Marketing and Sales

42
Q

Inputs for M/S

A

 Customer data
 Order data
 Sales trend data
 Per-unit cost
 Travel expense company policy

43
Q

Outputs for M/S

A

 Sales strategies
 Product pricing
 Employment needs

44
Q

Functions within Supply Chain Management

A

 Making the product (manufacturing/production)
 Buying raw materials (purchasing)
 Receiving goods and raw materials
 Transportation and logistics
 Scheduling production of products
 Plant maintenance

45
Q
  • Production plans based on information about product sales (actual and projected) that comes from Marketing and Sales
  • functional area exchanges data with suppliers and with the Human Resources
A

Supply Chain Management

46
Q

Inputs for SCM

A

 Product sales data
 Production plans
 Inventory levels
 Layoff and recall company policy

47
Q

Outputs for SCM

A

 Raw material orders
 Packaging orders
 Resource expenditure data
 Production and inventory reports
 Hiring information

48
Q
  • Recording raw data about transactions (including sales),
    raw material purchases
  • functional area exchanges data with customers and with the Human Resources
A

Accounting and Finance

49
Q

Numbers collected from those operations, without any
manipulation, calculation, or arrangement for presentation

A

Raw data

50
Q

Record company’s transactions in the books of account

A

A/F personnel

51
Q

People in other functional areas provide data to A/F

A

 M/S provides sales data
 SCM provides production and inventory data
 HR provides payroll and benefit expense data

52
Q

Inputs for A/F

A

 Payments from customers
 Accounts receivable data
 Accounts payable data
 Sales data
 Production and inventory data
 Payroll and expense data

53
Q

Outputs for A/F

A

 Payments to suppliers
 Financial reports
 Customer credit data

54
Q

Helps in the planning and optimizing of the manufacturing capacity

A

Production

55
Q

Streamlines the procurement process of required raw materials

A

Purchasing

56
Q

Facilitates the processes of maintaining the appropriate level of stock

A

Inventory Management

57
Q

Nontraditional modules such as business intelligence

A

Miscellaneous Modules

58
Q
  • Note the kinds of data needed by each area and how people use the data
  • Timeliness and accuracy of these data critical to each area’s success
A

Functional Area Information Systems

59
Q

Components of the Enterprise Systems Architecture

A

Functional
System

60
Q

Functional : Examples include:

A

 Accounting
 Human Resources
 Procurement
 Fulfillment & Etc.

61
Q

Defines the ERP modules that support the various
business functions of the organization.

A

Functional

62
Q

Defines the ERP architecture through the physical
components of hardware, software, and networking angle.

A

System

63
Q
  • Architecture helps implementation teams to understand in detail the features
  • Provide a visual representation of the complex system interfaces among the ERP application
A

Enterprise Systems Architecture

64
Q

Most of the current ERP implementations follow

A

Three-tier Architecture

65
Q

Benefits

A

o Scalability
o Reliability
o Flexibility
o Maintainability
o Reusability
o Security

66
Q

Easier to add, change, and remove applications.

A

Scalability

67
Q

Implementing multiple levels of redundancy.

A

Reliability

68
Q

in partitioning is very simple

A

Flexibility

69
Q

Support and maintenance costs are less on one server.

A

Maintainability

70
Q

Easier to implement reusable components.

A

Reusability

71
Q

IT staff has more control system to provide higher security.

A

Security

72
Q

Can be very expensive and complex.

A

Limitations

73
Q

TIERS

A

The Web Tier
The Application Tier
The Data Tier

74
Q

allows users the ability to access and analyze information

A

The Web Tier

75
Q

Consists of a Web browser and reporting tool

A

The Application Tier

76
Q

Focus is on structure of all organizational data

A

The Data Tier

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