SI Key Studies Flashcards
What was the procedure of Jenness’s Sweetie Jar experiment?
Participants conformed to others’ estimates of the number of sweets in a jar
Supports Informational Social Influence (ISI)
What were the findings of Lucas’s (2006) study on mathematics problems?
More conformity was observed in harder questions
Supports Informational Social Influence (ISI)
What was the main finding of Asch’s (1955) conformity study?
Participants gave a wrong answer 36.8% of the time when confederates gave incorrect answers
75% conformed at least once
What are the two types of social influence discussed in Asch’s study?
- Normative Social Influence (NSI)
- Informational Social Influence (ISI)
What was the impact of group size on conformity according to Asch’s variations?
Smaller groups increased conformity, while larger groups had less effect
Unanimity also affected conformity levels
What did Perrin and Spencer (1980) find regarding conformity in British engineering students?
Only 1% conformity was observed
Shows differences over time and place
What cultural differences in conformity did Smith and Bond (1996) identify?
Collectivist cultures are more conformist than individualistic cultures
Raises questions about imposed etic in research
What was the procedure of Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment?
Students were randomly assigned roles as guards or prisoners
Study was stopped after 6 days due to ethical concerns
What ethical issues arose from Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment?
- Psychological harm to participants
- Deception regarding roles
What was the outcome of the Reicher and Haslam (2006) replication of Zimbardo’s study?
Prisoners took control of the prison, opposing the guards
Explained through social identity theory
What was the main finding of Milgram’s (1963) obedience study?
65% of participants continued to the highest shock level of 450v
Qualitative data indicated distress among participants
What did Hofling’s (1966) study on nurses reveal about obedience?
21 out of 22 nurses obeyed unjustified orders from doctors
Provides support for Milgram’s findings in a real-life setting
What variable affected obedience in Milgram’s variations, specifically regarding proximity?
Obedience levels dropped to 40% when teacher and learner were in the same room
Shows the effect of physical closeness
What effect did location have on obedience in Milgram’s variations?
Obedience levels dropped to 47.5% in a rundown building
Location affects perceived authority
What was the finding of Bickman’s (1974) field experiment regarding uniforms?
Passersby were twice as likely to obey a security guard compared to others
Supports the effect of uniform on obedience
What is a key concept of Moscovici’s (1969) study?
Minority influence can lead to conformity
Highlights the dynamics of social influence
What did Nemeth argue about minority influence?
Minority influence can lead to more innovative thinking
Suggests that dissent can benefit group decision-making
