Biopsychology - NS, ES, Fight or Flight

Question 1

Fill in the gaps:

________‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Peripheral
‎ |‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎|‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ | ‎ ‎ ‎ |
Brain & __‎ __‎ ‎ ‎ ___‎ ‎ ‎ ___‎ ‎
‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ |
‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ___&___

Answer 1

Central NS
Spinal Cord

Autonomic
Somatic
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Question 2

What does the central NS do?

Answer 2

Brain: has specialised areas of function for language, speaking, sight, memory ect.

Spinal Cord: Reflexes & messages to and from the brain

Question 3

What does the peripheral NS do?

Answer 3

Sends messages from CNS to rest of body.

Question 4

What does the somatic NS do?

Answer 4

Communicates sensory & motor information.

Question 5

What does the Autonomic NS do?

Answer 5

Involved in homeostasis
Regulation of heartrate, body temp, blood pressure.

Question 6

What does the sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS do?

Answer 6

Entering the body into a state of fight or flight and leaving the state.

Question 7

What do sensory neurons do?

Answer 7

Carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain.

Question 8

What do relay neurons do?

Answer 8

Relay Neurons are found between sensory input and motor neurons. Found in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 9

What do motor neurons do?

Answer 9

Found in CNS, control muscle movements.

Question 10

What are dendrites?

Answer 10

Recieve signalsfrom other neaurons or from sensory receptor cells

Question 11

what are axon?

Answer 11

long fibre that carries nerve impulses/action potential

Question 12

How does the NS influence behaviour in learning?

Answer 12

. When a baby is born, it must forge its own neuron connections via environmental factors.
. Fear + decision making
. Move environmental information leads to better decisions, schema and relationships.

Question 13

How does NS influence behaviour in survival?

Answer 13

. when someone touches hot oven, nerves sense pain, the brain tells muscles to remove the hand.
. activates fight or flight - sympathetic NS

Question 14

What is the process of synaptic transmission?

Answer 14

to START - information passes down axon of pre-synaptic site as a nerve impulse known as action potential, it must cross to the post-synaptic site

FIRSTLY - it must cross the synaptic cleft

Next - the action potential reaches the vesicles, which release the neurotransmitters.

THEN - they carry the chemical signal across the gap, where they bind to receptors in the posy synaptic site and allow the message to cross as action potential.

COMPLETING - the process.

Question 15

What are excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Give one example for each.

Answer 15

Two types of neurotransmitters that, when binded to the receptors, could either make it more likely to fire (excitatory) or less likely (inhibitory)

Excitatory: Noradrenaline
Inhibiting: GABA

Question 16

What is summation?

Answer 16

The balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Question 17

what is the endocrine system?

Answer 17

it is a chemical messenger system. Hormones are released by glands into the circulatory system , regulating target organs.

Question 18

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 18

The hypothalamus controls all other glands as it controls the pituatiary gland and therefore appetite,eating behaviours, sex drive ect.

Question 19

What gland controls the pituitary gland, controlling appetite, sex drive ect.

Answer 19

Hypothalamus

Question 20

What does the pineal gland do?

Answer 20

Regulates eepyness and alertness, releases serotonin

Question 21

Which gland regulates sleepyness, alertness and releases serotonin.

Answer 21

Pineal Gland

Question 22

What does the pituitary gland do?

Answer 22

Triggers other glands in a cascading system.

Question 23

Which gland triggers other glands in a cascading system?

Answer 23

Pituitary

Question 24

What does the thyroid do?

Answer 24

Plays a major role in metabolism, growth and development.

Question 25

Which gland Plays a major role in metabolism, growth and development.

Answer 25

Thyroid

Question 26

What are the 8 steps of the fight or flight response?

Answer 26

1. Threat perceived by amygdala
2. Stress response begins in 3he hypothalamus.
3. Autonomic NS activates sympathetic NS, releasing adrenaline from the adrenal glands.
4. Adrenaline enables physiological features of fight or flight
5. Cortisol - a stress steroid - attempts to release energy stores
6. parasympathetic NS attempts to relax body
7. if thereat is gone then body returns to normal.

Question 27

What study shows the freeze response may exist?

What limitations to fight or flight does this show?

Answer 27

Gray (1988) - sometimes first response is to avoid confromatation and freeze

Beta bias - Using animal and male centered studies - females underrepresented

BONUS POINTS if i mention

Taylor (2000) - women study

Question 28

What does Gray (1988) show?

What does Taylor (2000) show?

Answer 28

Gray showed that sometimes the first response is to avoid the threat and freeze.

Taylor showed that women tend to prioritise protecting their young and group together with other women to protect themselves.