SI Dx

Question 1

syndrome that produces hemorrhagic necrotizing duodenitis and proximal jejunitis

Answer 1

proximal enteritis

Question 2

main cause of proximal enteritis

Answer 2

Clostridium

Question 3

the presence of increased lactic acid (and decreased pH) can lyse the cell wall of gram negative bacteria -> this results in the release of endotoxins within the cecum

Answer 3

laminitis

Question 4

strangulation of jejunum is common in ______ horses

Answer 4

older horses

Question 5

invagination of a segment of bowel and its mesentery into the lumen of an adjacent segment of bowel

Answer 5

intussusception

Question 6

portion of intestine into which another portion has invaginated

Answer 6

intussuscipiens

Question 7

portion of intestine that has been invaginated within another part

Answer 7

intussusceptum

Question 8

etiology of intussusception

Answer 8

heavy ascarid/tapeworm infestation
obstruction
enteritis
altered peristaltic motility

Question 9

its etiology is due to heavy roundworm infestation

Answer 9

ascarid impactions

Question 10

equine roundworm

Answer 10

Parascaris equorum

Question 11

occurs when a segment of SI twists on its own mesentery

Answer 11

SI volvulus

Question 12

its etiology is due to sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure

Answer 12

inguinal hernia

Question 13

breed predilection of inguinal hernia

Answer 13

Standardbred
Tennessee Walking Horse
American Saddlebred
Belgian

Question 14

clinical signs of inguinal hernia in foal and adult horse

Answer 14

foal: soft fluctuant swelling in the inguinal region
adult: firm, swollen testicle

Question 15

inguinal hernia tx

Answer 15

foal:
manual reduction
truss
imbrication

adult:
manual reduction

Question 16

etiology:
- foreign body (rubber fencing)
- bedding (corn cob)
- Coastal Bermuda grass hay

Answer 16

ileal impaction

Question 17

an idiopathic hypertrophy of the muscle layers of the ileum

Answer 17

ileal hypertrophy

Question 18

ileal hypertrophy tx

Answer 18

sx:
ileal myotomy
ileal bypass

Question 19

etiology:
- atrophy of the caudate lobe -> enlarges the potential opening
- ileum migrates into opening and becomes trapped

Answer 19

epiploic foramen herniation

Question 20

epiploic foramen (4):

Answer 20

1. portal vein
2. caudal vena cava
3. caudate lobe of liver
4. potential space

Question 21

etiology:
- lipoma suspended from a mesenteric pedicle passes around a segment of bowel or thru a mesenteric rent causing strangulation
- obesity may be a contributing factor

Answer 21

pedunculated lipoma

Question 22

etiology:
- strangulation occurs as a loop of bowel passes thru the rent and becomes trapped
- mesentery becomes taut and strangulates trapped bowel segment

Answer 22

mesenteric defect

Question 23

etiology:
- previous abdominal sx
- SI distention or ischemia
- peritonitis
- abdominal foreign body

Answer 23

adhesions

Question 24

etiology:
- granulomatous enteritis
- eosinophilic gastroenteritis
- alimentary lymphosarcoma

Answer 24

SI neoplasia