SI Dx Flashcards
syndrome that produces hemorrhagic necrotizing duodenitis and proximal jejunitis
proximal enteritis
main cause of proximal enteritis
Clostridium
the presence of increased lactic acid (and decreased pH) can lyse the cell wall of gram negative bacteria -> this results in the release of endotoxins within the cecum
laminitis
strangulation of jejunum is common in ______ horses
older horses
invagination of a segment of bowel and its mesentery into the lumen of an adjacent segment of bowel
intussusception
portion of intestine into which another portion has invaginated
intussuscipiens
portion of intestine that has been invaginated within another part
intussusceptum
etiology of intussusception
heavy ascarid/tapeworm infestation
obstruction
enteritis
altered peristaltic motility
its etiology is due to heavy roundworm infestation
ascarid impactions
equine roundworm
Parascaris equorum
occurs when a segment of SI twists on its own mesentery
SI volvulus
its etiology is due to sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure
inguinal hernia
breed predilection of inguinal hernia
Standardbred
Tennessee Walking Horse
American Saddlebred
Belgian
clinical signs of inguinal hernia in foal and adult horse
foal: soft fluctuant swelling in the inguinal region
adult: firm, swollen testicle
inguinal hernia tx
foal:
manual reduction
truss
imbrication
adult:
manual reduction
etiology:
- foreign body (rubber fencing)
- bedding (corn cob)
- Coastal Bermuda grass hay
ileal impaction
an idiopathic hypertrophy of the muscle layers of the ileum
ileal hypertrophy
ileal hypertrophy tx
sx:
ileal myotomy
ileal bypass
etiology:
- atrophy of the caudate lobe -> enlarges the potential opening
- ileum migrates into opening and becomes trapped
epiploic foramen herniation
epiploic foramen (4):
- portal vein
- caudal vena cava
- caudate lobe of liver
- potential space
etiology:
- lipoma suspended from a mesenteric pedicle passes around a segment of bowel or thru a mesenteric rent causing strangulation
- obesity may be a contributing factor
pedunculated lipoma
etiology:
- strangulation occurs as a loop of bowel passes thru the rent and becomes trapped
- mesentery becomes taut and strangulates trapped bowel segment
mesenteric defect
etiology:
- previous abdominal sx
- SI distention or ischemia
- peritonitis
- abdominal foreign body
adhesions
etiology:
- granulomatous enteritis
- eosinophilic gastroenteritis
- alimentary lymphosarcoma
SI neoplasia
