SHRM - Workplace Flashcards
Occupational injury
Injury that results from a work-related accident or exposure involving a single incident in the work environment.
Sustainability
Practices that balance economic, social, and environmental interests to secure the interests of present and future generations.
Stakeholders
All those affected by an organization’s social, environmental, and economic impact—shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, regulators, and local communities.
Nonexempt employees
Employees covered under FLSA regulations, including minimum wage and overtime pay requirements.
Global remittances
Monies sent back home by migrants working in foreign countries.
Disparate impact
Type of discrimination that results when a neutral policy has a discriminatory effect; also known as adverse impact.
Drug-Free Workplace Act
Requires federal contractors with contracts of $100,000 or more as well as recipients of grants from federal government to certify they are maintaining a drug-free workplace.
Moral hazard
Situation in which one party engages in risky behavior knowing that it is protected against the risk because another party will assume any resulting loss.
Repatriation
Process of reintegrating employees back into the home country after an assignment; includes adjustment to the new job and readjustment to the home culture and conditions.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
First comprehensive U.S. law making it illegal to discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Assignees
Employees who work outside their home countries.
Risk control
An action taken to manage a risk.
Griggs v. Duke Power
1971 case that recognized adverse impact discrimination.
Hostile environment harassment
Occurs when sexual or other discriminatory conduct is so severe and pervasive that it interferes with an individual’s performance; creates an intimidating, threatening, or humiliating work environment; or perpetuates a situation that affects the employee’s psychological well-being.
Quid pro quo harassment
Type of sexual harassment that occurs when an employee is forced to choose between giving in to a superior’s sexual demands and forfeiting an economic benefit such as a pay increase, a promotion, or continued employment.
Totalization agreements
Bilateral agreements entered into by many countries to eliminate double taxation for individuals on international assignment.
EPLI - Employment practices liability insurance
Type of liability insurance covering an organization against claims by employees, former employees, and employment candidates alleging that their legal rights in the employment relationship have been violated.
Extraterritoriality
Extension of the power of a country’s laws over its citizens outside that country’s sovereign national boundaries.
Glocalization
Characteristic of an organization with a strong global image but an equally strong local identity.
PPACA - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
2010 law that requires virtually all citizens and legal residents of the U.S. to have minimum health coverage and requires employers with more than 50 full-time employees to provide health coverage that meets minimum benefit specifications or pay a penalty.
Principal-agent problem
Situation in which an agent (e.g., an employee) makes decisions for a principal (e.g., an employer) potentially on the basis of personal incentives that are not aligned with the agent’s incentives.
Process alignment
Extent to which underlying operations such as IT, finance, or HR integrate across locations.
Pregnancy Discrimination Act
Act that prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.
Triple bottom line
Economic, social, and environmental impact metrics used to determine an organization’s success.
Reverse innovation
Innovations created for or by emerging-economy markets and then imported to developed-economy markets.
Compliance program
System for ensuring that policies and procedures addressing issues identified in the code of conduct are presented to and understood and acted on by everyone in the organization and for evaluating the results of those efforts.
Employees
Individuals who exchange work for wages or salary; in the U.S., workers who are covered by Fair Labor Standards Act regulations as determined by the IRS.
Culture
Set of beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors shared by members of a group and passed down from one generation to the next.
Dilemma reconciliation
Process of charting a course through cultural differences.
EPA - Equal Pay Act
Act that prohibits wage discrimination by requiring equal pay for equal work.
Equal Employment Opportunity Act
1972 act that amended Title VII and gave the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission authority to implement its administrative findings and conduct its own enforcement litigation.
Comparable worth
Concept that states that jobs requiring comparable skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions filled primarily by women should have the same job classification and salary as similar jobs filled by men.
Risk
The effect of uncertainty on objectives; outcomes may include opportunities or threats.
Vesting
Process by which a retirement benefit becomes nonforfeitable.
Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
2007 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that claims of sex discrimination in pay under Title VII were not timely because discrimination charges were not filed with the EEOC within the required 180-day time frame.
ERISA - Employee Retirement Income Security Act
Act that established uniform minimum standards for employer-sponsored retirement and health and welfare benefit programs.
Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
Court ruling that distinguished between supervisor harassment that results in tangible employment action and supervisor harassment that does not.
Prudent person rule
States that an ERISA plan fiduciary has legal and financial obligations not to take more risks when investing employee benefit program funds than a reasonably knowledgeable, prudent investor would under similar circumstances.
Risk position
An organization’s desired gain or acceptable loss in value.
Risk management
Identification, evaluation, and control of risk that may affect an organization, typically incorporating the use of insurance and other strategies.
Hazard
Potential for harm, often associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in injury or illness.
Disparate treatment
Type of discrimination that occurs when an applicant or employee is treated differently because of his or her membership in a protected class.
USERRA - Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act
Act that protects the employment, reemployment, and retention rights of persons who serve or have served in the uniformed services.
IRCA - Immigration Reform and Control Act
Act that prohibits discrimination against job applicants on the basis of national origin or citizenship; establishes penalties for hiring illegal aliens and requires employers to establish each employee’s identity and eligibility to work.
COBRA - Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
Act that provides individuals and dependents who may lose medical coverage with opportunity to pay to continue coverage.
Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corporation
1971 case that stated that an employer may not, in the absence of business necessity, refuse to hire women with preschool-aged children while hiring men with such children.
Vicarious liability
Legal doctrine under which a party can be held liable for the wrongful actions of another party.
Governance
System of rules and processes an organization puts in place to ensure its compliance with local and international laws, accounting rules, ethical norms, and its own codes of conduct.
