Shova and Karki, 2010

Question 1

Shova and Karki

Answer 1

2010

Question 2

2010

Answer 2

Shova and Karki

Question 3

What is the case study

Answer 3

The impact of socio-economic factors involved in illegal fuelwood and fodder extraction at Bardia National Park in Nepal

Question 4

Illegal resource extraction in literature

Answer 4

Illegal resource extraction and the relationship with communities’ livelihoods has gained little attention in academic literature

Question 5

How many people met their needs by illegally extracting resources from the park

Answer 5

Almost half

Question 6

How do almost half of people meet their needs

Answer 6

By illegally extracting resource from the park

Question 7

What impacted whether or not people illegally extracted resourced

Answer 7

Proximity and access to resources (through the forest and buffer zones)

Question 8

Heinen and Shrestha 2006

Answer 8

Nepal excluded communities from land for the establishment of protected areas through restrictive legislation and removal of customary rights

Question 9

‘Nepal excluded communities from land for the establishment of protected areas through restrictive legislation and removal of customary rights’

Answer 9

Heinen and Shrestha 2006

Question 10

Brown 1997

Answer 10

Resource use and extraction are important components of rural livelihoods but at the same time a source of concern for park management

Question 11

‘Resource use and extraction are important components of rural livelihoods but at the same time a source of concern for park management’

Answer 11

Brown 1997

Question 12

What resources are extracted from the park

Answer 12

The surveyed households identified 50 different plants which were used regularly for a wide range of functions.

Question 13

What are resources extracted from the park used for

Answer 13

Cooking, feeding livestock, food, cleaning, house building, ceremonies and thatching roofs, demonstrating that resources extracted from the park were socially, culturally and economically important to these households

Question 14

How many households in Shivapur illegally extract

Answer 14

65% households are involved in illegal resource extraction

Question 15

Why does Shivapur have such high rates of illegal resource extraction

Answer 15

They have no alternative resource extraction methods such as access to a buffer zone

Question 16

How does illegal resource extraction vary

Answer 16

With village specific contexts such as socio-economic characteristics of households, distribution of resources, the location and impacts of protected areas

Question 17

Which houses were less dependent on park resources

Answer 17

Households with large land holdings as they could grow trees and grasses on their own land

Question 18

Link between involvement in development projects and illegal resource extraction

Answer 18

Households involved in development projects were less likely to be involved in illegal resource extraction as they gained alternative income generation strategies and were able to improve their livelihood status

Question 19

Nepal and Weber (1995)

Answer 19

In their study they found that where there was a lack of alternative sources communities’ continued visiting and extracting resources from the Chitwan National Park on a regular basis

Question 20

Who did a study on the Chitwan National Park

Answer 20

Nepal and Weber (1995)

Question 21

Are households aware of the impacts of illegal resource extraction

Answer 21

Yes they are aware of the detrimental impacts it has on the park ecosystem but due to lack of alternative resources locals did not cease resource extraction from he park

Question 22

How did the park management aim to reduce illegal extraction in Shivapur

Answer 22

They realised the importance of a community buffer zone so gave them part of a degraded forest. The management wanted them to work together and restore the forest and the sustainable use the resources

Question 23

Why did Shivapur not accept the degraded forest

Answer 23

They argued the park just wanted free labour and were worried they would reclaim the forest once it was in better condition. Also another village (Thakurdwara) was given a fully stocked forest and they would like the same

Question 24

Why does a one-size fits all approach to solving development in the area

Answer 24

there are differences in community needs, interests and provisions.

Question 25

What would be a more suitable approach to solving issues in the area

Answer 25

Site-specific management strategies based on the socio-economic needs of communities, ti would be most influential for long term-sustainability