Munanura et al 2016 Flashcards
Munanura et al
2016
2016
Munanura et al
What does the paper look at
Perceptions of tourism revenue sharing impacts on Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
TRS in Africa (Munanura et al, 2016)
Tourism revenue sharing (TRS) has become a popular strategy for integrated wildlife conservation and rural development in Africa
In Rwanda, how much revenue is invested annually in communities adjacent to protected areas (Munaruna et al, 2016)
5%
In Rwanda, 5% of what is invested in communities adjacent to protected areas (Munaruna et al, 2016)
5% of tourism revenue
Conclusion of the paper
TRS has had minimal conservation impact due to acute food insecurity and limited livelihood capabilities among the poorest residents in proximity to Volcanoes National Park. This is made worse through structural constraints such as the membership fee for TRS benefits, political influence, poor conservation linkages, and limited participation of the most socially and economically disadvantaged residents in proximity to the VNP
Wunder, 2000
Wildlife conservationists in developing countries have combined conservation and development to make wildlife tourism
Who looks at wildlife tourism
Wunder, 2000
Blomley et al, 2010
TRS failures have been due to policy constraints, conflicting interests and corruption.
There has also been an unequal distribution of benefits among local residents
Who states that TRS failures have been due to policy constraints, conflicting interests and corruption
Blomley et al, 2010
What is social sustainability
Social sustainability refers to the ability of a household and community to cope with stress and shock, and transforming opportunities and resources to make a decent living (Chambers and Conway, 1992)
Features of the Volcanoes National Park
It is next to the Virguna National Park in Uganda; it has high levels of flora and fauna such as mountain gorillas (which are a part of their tourism)
What do the people who live near the VNP do
Most of the residents in proximity to VNP are subsistence farmers who live in extreme poverty and often depend on illegal harvests of park resources to supplement their livelihoods (Bush et al, 2010)
Biodiversity threats caused by human activites
Since the 1960s, over 15,000 hectares of forest cover have been lost and converted to other land uses, resulting in the 40% decline of mountain gorilla population (Musana & Mutuyeyezu, 2011; Plumptre et al., 2003).
When did the tourism revenue sharing program start
In 2005
What does the money from the tourism revenue sharing program go into
Community and social projects/enterprises
How are the livelihoods of those living near VNP compromised
- Food insecurity
- Lack of shelter
- Lack of jobs and income generating opportunities (residents may work in neighbour’s fields or resort to illegal, forest-resource gathering activities)
- Land is destroyed by animals coming in and eating the crops
Why did people believe that all residents benefited from TRS
There were infrastructure projects including schools, healthcare centres, water tanks and road repairs.
Why were poor people not receiving the benefits from TRS
They couldn’t afford membership fees, therefore it is believed that TRS benefitted only a few powerful individuals in their community
What did one park management official say
One park management official blamed poor residents from not benefiting from TRS and stated that residents font join because they do not have appropriate clothes to wear at meetings and prefer to stay in isolation
Example of water tanks
They built water tanks however you have to pay for the water, the poor people cannot afford this
What is not funded by the TRS
Crop raiding by animals has been identified as the main capability constraint, yet it receives marginal funding from the TRS
