Shoulder region and arm I Flashcards
what constitutes the upper limb
shoulder, arm, forearm, hand
what is the pectoral girdle
bit which connects the upper limb to the thorax
Which bones make up the pectoral girdle and list its features and be able to label
Clavicle-acromial facet, trapezoid line, conoid tubercle, subclavian groove, sternal facet. Long bone but no medullary (marrow) cavity, trabecular surrounded by compact shell
Manubrium sterni
Scapula-superior, lateral and medial border, superior, inferior and lateral angle, suprascapular notch, glenoid cavity (articulation site humerus), neck, acromion (clavicle articulation), coracoid process, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, spine
Sternoclavicular joint attachment
clavicle connected to manubrium by anterior sterno-clavicular lig. anatomically a saddle joint but functionally a synovial ball and socket joint
Costoclavicular lig. attach clavicle to 1st rib
Acromio-clavicular joint attachment
the coracoclavicular ligaments (trapexoid and conoid ligament) attach to clavicle. Conoid lig. attach to conoid tubercle
acromioclavicular lig. attach acromium to clavicle
incomplete articular disc, no muscles connect articulating bone
What are the range of movements of the scapulothoracic joint
elevation, depression,retraction, protracction, upward rotation, downward rotation (this is a physiological join, it doesn’t properly articulate
What are the deep (state where arise) and superficial back muscles and its function
Deep: levator scapulae C1-4, rhomboid minor C7-T1, rhomboid major T2-T5, These attach to medial border of scapula and elevate, retract and rotate scapula. Serratus anterior attach to lateral border of scapula to 1-9th rib, protracts and rotates scapula (boxer’s muscle).
Superficial: trapezius elevates, retracts and depresses scapula, latissimus dorsi (connects vertebra to upper limb) extends, adducts, medially rotates the humerus (GH joint) e.g. chin ups, pull ups
What are the 3 parts of pec major
clavicular head, sternocostal head, abdominal part
What does poland’s syndrome involve
very little pec major
what are the deep anterior axio-appendicular muscles
subclavius (rib3-5 attachment), pectoralis minor
What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint
abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation, circumduction
When you raise arm, what needs to rotate and to what extent
Iniially 60 deg scapula rotation followed by 120deg glenohumeral joint
Label the gleno-humeral joint and its articulation. List functions of features
ref. notes
subacromial bursa allows smooth movement, prevents ligament and bone grating
acromion=protective structure for shoulder
glenoid labrum=lid of articular cartilage
articular capsule=bulging out for abduction and arm up, otherwise tear
Why is the head of humerus bigger than glenoid cavity
decreasing articular surface allows for greater freedom of movement. The stability is sacrificed
List and label the lig. supporting the gleno-humeral joint
coracoclavicular, coraco acromial, acromioclavicular, coracohumeral (covered by fibrous capsule), glenohumeral (superior, middle, inferior)
What are the muscles at the glenohumeral joint
deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, subscapularis
What are the functions of the deltoid muscle
clavicular (anterior)->flex and medially rotate arm
acromial (middle)->abduct arm
spinal (posterior)->extends and laterally rotate arm
engage all 3 for max abduction
What are the functions of the following posterior muscles at the GH joint: supraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, infraspinatus
Supraspinatus-initiates abduction of arm
teres minor-laterally rotates arm
teres major-medially rotates arm
infraspiantus-laterally rotates arm
What does the subscapularis do and where is it
On anterior surface and it medially rotates arm
What constitutes the rotator cuff muscle
SITS (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) coracoacromial arch gives degree of stability
