Shoulder Region

Question 1

What is located directly deep t the deltoid muscle and acromion process and directly superficial to the supraspinatus tendon facilitating movement?

Answer 1

subdeltoid or subacromial bursa

Question 2

What muscle initiates abduction by ‘pulling’ onto glenoid cavity?

Answer 2

supraspinatus

Question 3

What closes the suprascapular notch superiorly?

Answer 3

superior transverse scapular ligament

Question 4

What passes through the suprascapular notch?

Answer 4

suprascapular n.

Question 5

What passes over the suprascapular notch and ligament?

Answer 5

suprascapular artery

Question 6

The tendons of which muscles blend with the capsule of the glenohumeral joint strengthening superiorly and posteriorly?

Answer 6

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

Question 7

What muscle mimics and works synergistically with latissimus dorsi (works more in horizontal plane).

Answer 7

teres major

Question 8

Which shoulder muscle is multipenate and is the most powerful medial rotator?

Answer 8

subscapularis

Question 9

What muscles are known as the ‘rotator cuff’ muscles? What is their main function?

Answer 9

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

- capture and hold the humerus to the glenoid cavity so there is always at least one point of contact.

Question 10

Where does the long thoracic nerve lay in regards to the muscle it innervates?

Answer 10

superiorly to latissimus dorsi so it is not ‘pitched’ during respiration/movement - makes it prone to injury

Question 11

passage of the long head of the triceps in relation to the teres major, minor, and humerus creates what?

Answer 11

quadrangular and triangular spaces for nerves and vessels to pass from anterior to posterior areas of the shoulder region

Question 12

What are the borders of the quadrangular space of the shoulder?

Answer 12

superior - teres minor
inferior - teres major
medial - long head, triceps muscle
lateral - humerus

Question 13

What passes through the quadrangular space of the shoulder?

Answer 13

axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery (from 3d portion of axillary a.)

Question 14

What are the borders of the triangular space of the shoulder?

Answer 14

superior - teres minor
inferior - teres major
lateral - long head of triceps

Question 15

What are the contents of the triangular space of the shoulder?

Answer 15

circumflex scapular a. (branch of the subscapular artery, 3rd portion of axillary a.)

Question 16

What would a blockage within the axillary a. cause within branches of the subclavian and axillary arteries?

Answer 16

reversal of flow in order to circumvent the blockage (no valves present)

Question 17

What arteries are involved in the scapular anastomosis?

Answer 17

• deep branch of transverse cervical (thyrocervical trunk)
• suprascapular artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk)
• acromial branch (thoracoacromail, 2 portion axillary)
• circumflex scapular (subscapular, 3 portion axilary)
• thoracodorsal (subscapular, 3 portion axillary)
• anterior and posterior humeral circumflex (3 portion axillary)