Pectoral Region

Question 1

What nerves are superficial structures on top pectorals major?

Answer 1

• supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)

- anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves.

Question 2

What arteries are present as superficial structures of the pectoral region?

Answer 2

• anterior perforating arteries of internal thoracic

- lateral cutaneous branches from posterior intercostal arteries

Question 3

Where do extra (supernumerary) rudimentary breasts or nipples found?

Answer 3

along the “milk line”

Question 4

What is the circular pigmented area that surrounds the nipple and is irregularly elevated due to the presence of areolar glands?

Answer 4

areola

Question 5

What are the collagen bundles w/in the superficial fascia which are well developed and run between the skin and deep fascia?

Answer 5

suspensory or “Cooper’s ligaments”

Question 6

What arteries supply the medial border of the pectoral region?

Answer 6

internal thoracic artery - perforating arteries through 2-4 intercostal spaces

Question 7

What arteries supply the lateral border of the pectoral region?

Answer 7

• lateral thoracic a (upper region, from 2nd portion of axillary a.)
• anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal arteries 3-5 (lower region)

Question 8

Where do most of the lymphatics of pectoral region drain to?

Answer 8

• axillary lymph nodes (75%) w/in the axilla

- parasternal nodes (25%) internal to the thorax paralleling the internal thoracic artery

Question 9

Why is it a huge concern to find cancer in the axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 9

axillary lymph nodes drain into subclavian duct which will drain into either the thoracic (L) or right lymphatic duct (r) which enters the blood stream at the jugulo-venous angles. Once cancer is in the blood it has full rein to go anywhere.

Question 10

What fascia envelops the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles?

Answer 10

clavipectoral fascia

Question 11

What 3 structures pierce the costocoracoid membrane?

Answer 11

cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery, lateral pectoral nerve

Question 12

What is the term applied to the upper portion of the clavipectoral fascia which spans the interval between subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles?

Answer 12

costocoracoid membrane

Question 13

What is the term applied to the lower portion of the clavipecoral fascia after it surrounds both sides of the pectoralis minor to form a single sheet which fuses with the axillary fascia at the floor of the axilla?

Answer 13

suspensory ligament of the axilla

Question 14

What runs through the deltopectoral groove?

Answer 14

cephalic vein

Question 15

What is the space at the junction of the clavicle with the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles?

Answer 15

deltopectoral triangle

Question 16

What is formed by the lateral border of the pectoralis major?

Answer 16

anterior axillary fold