Shoulder problems

Question 1

What three structures stabilise the shoulder?

Answer 1

Rotator cuff muscles
glenoid labrum
ligaments

Question 2

What two movements can cause anterior dislocation?

Answer 2

Hyperextension

Lateral rotation force

Question 3

How would you posteriorly dislocated the shoulder?

Answer 3

Requires a lot of force like an electrocution, seizure

Question 4

What three complications can result from a dislocation of the shoulder? Explain the consequences of each of these

Answer 4

Axillary nerve injury- Paralysis of deltoid so unable to abduct the arm. Also loss of sensation over the proximal part of the arm

Glenoid labrum can tear

Radial nerve injury- Wrist drop (inability to extend wrist). Also Paralysis of triceps, brachioradialis, supinator and extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers

Question 5

Where on the humerus is the fracture of a humeral neck fracture?

Answer 5

Surgical neck

Lower than the trochanters

Question 6

Name two causes of a humeral neck fracture

Answer 6

Direct blow to the area

Falling onto outstretched hand

Question 7

What are the complications of a humeral neck fracture (2) explain

Answer 7

Axillary nerve injury- Paralysis of deltoid and teres minor. Difficulty in abduction
Loss of sensation of proximal lateral side of arm (regiment badge, lower part of deltoid)

Posterior cirucumflex artery damage

Question 8

What two structures can a mid shaft humeral fracture damage? Consequences?

Answer 8

Radial nerve- Wrist drop

Profunda brachii artery

Question 9

What structures are impingement in shoulder impingement?

Answer 9

Supraspinous tendon and the bursa impinged on the acromion

Question 10

What is tendinitis? What can it cause?

Answer 10

Inflammation of the muscle tendons of the rotator cuff

Can cause calcification of the bursa

Can lead to rotator cuff tears

Question 11

What are the 5 features of osteoartheritis of the shoulder joint on an x-ray?

Answer 11

narrowed joint space, sclerosis, osteophytes, subchondral cysts, erosion