Arm problems

Question 1

What nerve can a medial epicondylar fracture damage?

Answer 1

Ulnar

Question 2

What 3 things can a damaged ulnar nerve lead to?

Answer 2

Ulnar claw- The ring and little finger have a hyperextendeed metacarpophalangel joint because of paralysis of the medial two lumbricals so unopposed action of the extensor muscles

Flexor ulnaris, medial side of flexor digitorum profundus paralysed- still have flexion but wrist is abducted

Loss of sensation of medial 1 and half fingers and palmar surface beneath these

Question 3

cause of dislocated elbow?

Answer 3

FOOSH

Question 4

Is the dislocation of he elbow usually anterior or posterior?

Answer 4

radius and ulna usually pushed posteriorly to humerus

Question 5

How would you manage a dislocated elbow

Answer 5

Sling/splint, analgesia, NVT assessment, X-ray

Question 6

What 2 complications can there be of dislocated elbow?

Answer 6

damage ulnar nerve, tear ulnar collateral ligament

Question 7

Cause of suprepicondylar fracture?

Answer 7

FOOSH

Question 8

Complications of supracondylar fracture?

Answer 8

Entrapment of the brachial artery, compression of the medial nerve, radial nerve compression

Question 9

Signs of supracondylar fracture?

Answer 9

Parathesiae
Can’t mmake OK sign because can’t flex interphalangeal joint of thumb, distal interphalangeal joint of index finger
Inability to extend wrist or digits

Question 10

Cause of radial head /neck fracture?

Answer 10

FOOSH

Most common elbow fracture

Question 11

What is a pulled elbow?

Answer 11

Dislocation of radial head

Question 12

Cause of pulled elbow?

Answer 12

Sudden pull of extended, pronated forearm

Question 13

What is elbow osteoarthritis?

Answer 13

Degenerative disease of the articular cartilage

Question 14

Cause of osteoarthritis?

Answer 14

Overuse, eg in manual workers

Question 15

Characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 15

Morning stiffness

Polyarticular stiffness

Question 16

What causes lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Answer 16

Repetitive activity

Question 17

Features of lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Answer 17

Lateral epicondyle becomes sore and tender

Forearm muscles and tendons become damaged

Question 18

Colloquial names of later and medial elbow tendinopathy?

Answer 18

Lateral= Tennis elbow
Medial= Golfers elbow

Question 19

Features of olecranon bursitis?

Answer 19

Soft, cystic, transilluminates (Light can pass through it)

Question 20

What is gouty tophi?

Answer 20

Disorder of nucleic acid metabolism–>Hyperuricaemia

You get urate crystal deposition

Question 21

What is a Colles Fracture?

Answer 21

Fracture of the distal radius where distal fragment is displaced dorsally

Question 22

Cause of colles fracture?

Answer 22

FOOSH

Question 23

Cause of smiths fracture?

Answer 23

`Falling onto back of hand, so onto a flexed wrist

Question 24

What is smiths fracture?

Answer 24

Fracture of distal radius where fragment is anteriorly displaced