Shoulder powerpoint Flashcards
What provides protection for brachial plexus and subclavian blood vessels
The posterior surface of the sternal end of the clavicle
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Saddle type synovial
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Planar/ gliding type synovial
What does the suprascapular nerve pass through? What holds it in place?
Supra scapular notch; Superior transverse lig.
What makes up the shoulder girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
What are the functions of the scapula?
- Provides attachments for large, strong muscles
- Protection of body parts
- Scapula acts as pivot point for the level system of the shoulder
Only bony link between shoulder girdle and trunk (keeps shoulder joint away from anterior chest)
Sternoclavicular joint
What type of articular cartilage is in the SC joint?
Fibrocartilage (most joints have hyaline cartilage)
What is located between the articular surfaces of the SC joint and divide the joint space into 2 cavities?
Fibrocartilaginous disc
What are the ligaments of the SC joint?
- Anterior and Posterior SC lig.’s
- Costoclavicular lig.
- Interclavicular lig.
Ligaments that limit upward and lateral displacement of medial end of clavicle; Ligament continuous with articular disc; Ligaments reinforce the fibrous joint capsule
Anterior and posterior SC lig.’s
Ligament that limits upward and lateral displacement of the medial end of the clavicle; Attaches to costal tuberosity on the clavicle; Reinforces fibrous joint capsule
Costoclavicular lig.
Ligament that prevents lateral displacement of medial end of the clavicle; Travels between left and right clavicles across the superior surface of the manubrium
Interclavicular ligament
What is different about the articular disc at the AC joint (in comparison to the SC joint)?
The disc is usually incomplete and wedge shaped
What is the strongest ligament that binds the clavicle to the scapula?
Coracoclavicular ligaments
What are the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament? which is medial and which is lateral?
Trapezoid = lateral Conoid = medial
Where is the anatomical neck of the humerus?
Where the joint capsule attaches to; the thick part around the head of the humerus
Where is the most likely site for fractures of the humerus?
Surgical neck
What is the shape of the shaft of the humerus?
Triangular
What does the radial nerve travel through on the humerus?
Radial groove
What part of the humerus articulates with the ulna? radius?
Trochlea; capitulum
What fossas allow the arm to flex and extend at the elbow? name the fossa and the corresponding boney articulation.
Radial fossa - head of the radius (flexion)
Coronoid fossa - coronoid process of the ulna (flexion
Olecranon fossa - olecranon process of the ulna (extension)
What type of joint is at the humeral-ulnar joint?
hinge
What type is the humeral-radial joint?
Gliding/planar
Ligament that forms hammock-like sling under head of humerus
Inferior glenohumeral lig
The fibrocartilage that surrounds the rim of the glenoid fossa
glenoid labrum
What ligament helps form tunnel for long head of biceps brachii?
Coracohumeral ligament
What is the stability for bony structures of the shoulder joint? ligamentous structure? Muscular arrangement?
Weak (shallow glenoid fossa); Weak (slap joint capsule); Strong
What movements of the shoulder joint/girdle hep stabilized the joint?
Elevation and depression for raising loads; upward rotation for lifting heavy loads
True or false:
The tendon of the long head of biceps brachii is intracapsular and extrasynovial
True
Pyramidal structure at the junction of the arm and thorax; contains an apex, base, and four walls
Axilla
What 3 bones meet to form the apex of the axilla? What enters through the opening (apex) of the axilla?
- Clavicle - anterior wall
- Scapula - posterior wall
- 1st rib - medial wall
All blood vessels and nerves to the upper limb
What makes up the base of the axilla?
Fascia and skin of the concave axilla
What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla?
- Clavicle
2. Pectoral muscles
What makes up the posterior wall of the axilla?
- Scapula
- Subscapularis muscle
- Teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles - inferiorly
What makes up the medial wall of the axilla?
- Ribs
- Intercostal muscles
- Serratus anterior muscle
What makes up the lateral wall of the axilla?
(Narrow wall)
Intertubercular groove which holds the tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle
What is contained in the axilla?
Cords and branches of brachial plexus
What ligament turns the suprascapular notch into the suprascapular foramen?
superior transverse lig of the scapula
What travels above and below the transverse ligament in the suprascapular notch?
Above= suprascapular artery and vein Below = suprascapular nerve
What makes up the borders of the quadrangular space?
- Superior border – teres minor muscle
- Inferior border – teres major muscle
- Medial border – long head of the triceps brachii muscle
- Lateral border – Shaft of humerus and joint capsule
What is contained in the quadrangular space?
- Axillary nerve
- muscles
- Posterior humeral circumflex artery
What makes up the borders of the deltopectoral triangle?
- Clavicle – superior
- Pectoralis major muscle – medial
- Deltoid muscle – lateral
What is contained in the deltopectoral triangle?
- Cephalic vein travels in the triangle and then dives deep to join the axillary vein
- Coracoid process of scapula
What are the intrinsic ligaments of the AC joint? extrinsic?
Superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligs; coracoclavicular ligs
Joint encases in musculature; Highly mobile joint; Provides mobility between the scapula and thorax and is vital to the motions of the arm
Scapulothoracic joint
What is the functional significance of shoulder girdle motions?
- Strong muscles provide power
- Fragile bones provide mobility
- Functions of different motions
What shoulder girdle motion is important for crutch walking?
depression
______ rotation of scapula occurs in flexion and abduction of the arm.
______ rotation of the scapula occurs in extension, hyperextension and adduction of the arm
Upward; Downward
_____ of the shoulder girdle muscles is important for the smooth coordinated motion of the scapula
Antagonistic lengthening
