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anatomy > Shoulder Girdle & Proximal UE > Flashcards

Shoulder Girdle & Proximal UE Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 bones of the Upper Extremity

A
  1. Sternum
  2. Clavicle
  3. Scapula
  4. Humerus (UE=arm)
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2
Q

Identify the portions of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process

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3
Q

What kind of facets does the Manubrium have?

A

Clavicular
Costal

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4
Q

What is the portion where the manubrium and body of the sternum meet?

A

Sternal Angle

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5
Q

Why is the length of the clavicle important?

A

Allows us to move the arm away from the body (mobility)

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6
Q

Name the proximal end of the clavicle, and is it concave or convex?

A

Sternal end
Convex

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7
Q

Name the distal end of the clavicle, and is it concave or convex?

A

Acromial end
Concave

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8
Q

T or F: The sternoclavicular joint is the only true bony articulation that connects the trunk to the sternum

A

True

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9
Q

Where do the deltoid muscles insert on the humerus?

A

Deltoid Tuberosity

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10
Q

What are the types of movements at the Scapulothoracic Joint?

A

Elevation and Depression
Protraction and Retraction
Upward and Downward Rotation

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11
Q

When the inferior angle of the scapula moves outwards, what kind of rotation is it?

A

Upward rotation

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12
Q

List the origin, insertion, action and innervation for the Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin: thoracic vert, Scapular, Costal, Iliac
Insertion: Floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus
Action: Extend, Adduct, Internal Rotation, Respiration
Innervation: Thoracodorsal N (C6-8)

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13
Q

List the origin, insertion, action and innervation for the Trapezius

A

Origin: cervical spine, upper and lower thoracic spine
Insertion: Clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
Action: Scap Upward rotation, retraction and depression, scapular stabilization, head lat flex ipsilat rotate contlat
Innervation: Cranial Nerve XI

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14
Q

List the origin, insertion, action and innervation for the Rhomboid Major

A

Origin: Spinous Process of T1-T4
Insertion: Medial border of scapula below scap spine
Action: retraction and downward rotate
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular C4-C5 (Primarily C5)

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15
Q

List the origin, insertion, action and innervation for the Rhomboid Minor

A

Origin: Spinous Process of C6-7
Insertion: Medial Border of scapula above spine
Action: retraction and downward rotate
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular C4-C5 (Primarily C5)

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16
Q

List the origin, insertion, action and innervation for the Levator Scapulae

A

Origin: Transverse Processes of C1-C4
Insertion: Scapular superior angle
Action: downward rotation
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve and some cervical spinal nerve

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17
Q

List the origin, insertion, action and innervation for the Deltoid

A

Origin: Clavicle, Acriomion, Scapular Spine
Insertion: Deltoid Tubercle (of humerus)
Action: Flexion, Internal rotation, Adduction, Abduction, Extension, External Rotation
Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, 6)

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18
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?

A
  1. Subscapularis
  2. Supraspinatus
  3. Infrapinatus
  4. Teres minor
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19
Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation of the Supraspinatous

A

Origin: Scapula- Supraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of Humerus
Action: Initiates abduction
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve C4-C6

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20
Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation of the Infraspinatous

A

Origin: Scapula- Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of Humerus
Action: External Rotation
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve C4-C6

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21
Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation of the Teres Minor

A

Origin: Scapula- Lateral Border
Insertion: Greater tubercle of Humerus
Action: External rotation, weak adduction
Innervation: Axillary nerve C5, 6

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22
Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation of the Subscapularis

A

Origin: Scapula- Subscapular Fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of Humerus
Action: Internal rotation
Innervation: Upper and Lower Subscapular nerve, C5, 6

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23
Q

What are the anterior glenohumeral joint muscles?

A

Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Bicep brachii
Anterior rotator cuff (subscapulris)

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24
Q

What are the 3 portions of the deltoid?

A
  1. Clavicular (anterior)
  2. Acromial (lateral)
  3. Spinal (posterior)
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25
Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation of the Clavicular Deltoid

A

Origin: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Flexion, Internal Rotation, Adduction
Innervation: Axillary nerve C5, 6

26
Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation of the Acromial Deltoid

A

Origin: Acromion
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Abduction
Innervation: Axillary nerve C5, 6

27
Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation of the Spinal Deltoid

A

Origin: Scapular Spine
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Extension, External Rotation, Adduction
Innervation: Axillary nerve C5, 6

28
Q

What is the Scapulohuemral Rythm?

A

2:1
For every 3 degrees of elevation, 2 degrees occur at the Glenohumeral joint, 1 degree occurs at the Scapulothoracic joint

29
Q

Borders of the Triangular Space

A

Teres Minor
Teres Major
Long Head of Triceps Brachii

30
Q

Borders of the Quadrangal Space

A

Teres Minor
Teres Major
Long Head of Triceps Brachii
Humerus

31
Q

Borders of the Triceps Hiatus/Triangular Interval

A

Long Head of Triceps Brachii
Lateral Head of Triceps Brachii
Teres Major

32
Q

Contents in the Triangular Space

A

Circumflex Artery

33
Q

Contents in the Quadrangular Space

A

Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery
Axillary Nerve

34
Q

Contents in the Triceps Hiatus/Triangular Interval

A

Profunda Brachii Artery (deep artery of the arm)
Radial Nerve

35
Q

What kind of joint is the Sternoclavicular Joint? Where does it articulate?

A

Unique Saddle
Medial end of clavicle with manubrium of the sternum
1st Costal cartilage

36
Q

What ligaments are in the Sternoclavicular Joint?

A

Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
Posterior sternoclavicular
Interclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament

37
Q

What kind of motion does the Sternoclavicular Joint allow?

A

Stable but mobile joint
Clavicle move to 60 degree angle with full UE elevation
During elevation with shoulder flexion, clavicle rotates along longitudinal axis
Anterior and posterior motion with protraction and retraction
When all of this occurs together = Circumduction

38
Q

What kind of joint is the Acromioclavicular Joint? Where does it articulate?

A

Plane joint
Acromion process with lateral end of clavicle

39
Q

What structures support the AC joint?

A

articular capsule, superior acromioclavicular ligament, inferior acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligaments (conoid and trapezoid) and coracoacromial ligament

40
Q

What is the main supporting structure at the true AC joint? (ligament)

A

the superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligament

41
Q

Why does the coracoacromial ligament attach the acromion of the scapula to the coracoid process of the scapula?

A

Adds support to the glenohumeral joint superiors

42
Q

What kind of movement occurs at the Acromioclavicular Joint?

A

elevation with shoulder flexion and some rotation around longitudinal axis

43
Q

Is the glenohumeral joint more stable or mobile?

A

sacrifices stability for mobility - very mobile

44
Q

Where does the glenohumeral joint articulate? What kind of joint is it?

A

the head of the humerus articulates in the glenoid fossa oof the scapula (ball and socket joint)

45
Q

What structures support the glenohumeral joint?

A

labrum, articular capsule (fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, intertubercular sheath) coracohumeral ligament, glenohumeral ligament, transverse humeral ligament

46
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor

47
Q

where does the pectoralis minor originate and insert

A

the ribs 3-5 and inserts on the coracoid process

48
Q

where does the pectoralis major originate and insert

A

many origins, inserts on the greater tubericle

49
Q

what nerve innervates pec major

A

the medial and lateral pectoral nerves (part of brachial plexus)

50
Q

what nerve innervates pec minor

A

the medial pectoral nerve

51
Q

what nerve innervates biceps brachii and coracobrachialis

A

musculocutaneus nerve

52
Q

what nerve innervates the serratus anterior

A

the long thoracic nerve

53
Q

explain the pathway of the subclavian to the brachial artery

A

subclavian becomes axillary at the lateral margin of 1st rib
axillary becomes brachial at the inferior margin of teres major

54
Q

what are the three parts of the axillary artery

A

1st- proximal to pec minor
2nd- deep/posterior to pec minor
3rd- distal to pec minor

55
Q

what artery branches off the 1st part of the axillary artery

A

the superior thoracic artery

56
Q

what arteries branch off the 2nd part of the axillary artery

A

thoracoacromial trunk (4 subsections) and lateral thoracic artery

57
Q

what are the branches of the thoracoacromial trunk

A

(2 muscle) pectoral and deltoid, (2 bone) clavicular and acromial)

58
Q

what arteries branch off the 3rd part of the axillary nerve

A

subscapular (2 subsections), anterior humeral circumflex and posterior humeral circumflex

59
Q

what are the branches of the subscapular artery

A

circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal

60
Q

what is the profunda brachii

A

a major branch off of the brachial artery that supplies the posterior upper arm, travels in the radial groove with radial nerve and splits into radial and middle for collateral circulation at elbow

anatomy (12 decks)

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