FA/Hand muscles Flashcards
Origin/Insertion
superficial anterior muscles (4)
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longis
flexor carpi ulnaris
intermediate anterior (1)
flexor digitorum superficialis
deep anterior (3)
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longis
pronator quadratis
pronator teres
(o) medial epicondyle & coronoid process (ulna)
(i) lateral radius
(inn) median n (6/7)
(act) forearm pronation & weak elbow flexion
flexor carpi radialis
(o) medial epicondyle
(i) base of 2nd metacarpal
(inn) median n (7/8)
(act) wrist flexion & radial deviation
palmaris longus
(o) medial epicondyle
(i) palmar aponeurosis
(inn) median n (7/8)
(act) weak elbow flexion; wrist flexion (tightens aponeurosis)
flexor carpi ulnaris
(o) medial epicondyle; olecranon (ulna)
(i) pisiform; hook of hamate; base of 5th metacarpal
(inn) ULNAR n (C7-T1)
(act) wrist flexion and ulnar deviation
flexor digitorum superficialis
(o) medial epicondyle; coronoid process of ulna; upper 1/2 anterior border of radius
(i) SIDES of middle phalanges (2-5 digits)
(inn) median n (C8/T1)
(act) weak flexion of elbow; flexion @ wrist, MCP, PIP joints of digits 2-5
flexor digitorum profundus
(o) ulna (proximal 2/3rd flexor surface); interosseous membrane
(i) Distal phalanges (palmar surface) digits 2-5
(inn)
median n (C8/T1)= radial 1/2 (index+middle)
ulnar n (C8,T1)= ulnar 1/2 (ring+pinky)
(act) flexion of wrist, MCP, PIP, DIP joints (digits 2-5)
flexor pollicis longus
(o) radius (middle anterior surface); interosseous membrane
(i) distal phalanx of THUMB (palmar surface)
(inn) median n (C8/T1)- ANT. INTEROSSEOUS
(act) wrist flexion and radial deviation; flexion of carpometacarpal joint of thumb; flexion of MCP + IP joints of thumb
pronator quadratus
(o) distal anterior 1/4 of ulna
(i) distal anterior 1/4 of radius
(inn) median n (C8/T1)
(act) hand pronation & stabilization of the distal radioulnar joint
superficial posterior muscles
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
deep posterior muscles
supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
radialis group (posterior muscles)
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
(o) lateral epicondyle
(i) dorsal digital expansion (digits 2-5)
(inn) radial n (7/8)
(act) wrist extension MCP, PIP, DCP joints digits 2-5; extension/abduction of 5th (pinky)
extensor digiti minimi
(o) lateral epicondyle
(i) dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit (pinky)
(inn) radial n (7/8)
(act) wrist extension; ulnar abduction of hand MCP, PIP, DIP joints of 5th digit; 5th digit extension + abduction
extensor carpi ulnaris
(o) lateral epicondyle
(i) base of 5th metacarpal
(inn) radial n (7/8)
(act) wrist extension; ulnar deviation
supinator
(o) olecranon; lateral epicondyle; radial collateral ligament; annular ligament of radius
(i) radius (btw rad tuberosity + insertion of pronator teres)
(inn) radial n (6/7)
(act) supination of radioulnar joints
abductor pollicis longus
(o) radius + ulna (interosseous membrane)
(i) base of 1st metacarpal (thumb)
(inn) radial n (7/8)
(act) abduction of hand @ radiocarpal joint; extension at carpometacarpal + MCP joints of thumb
extensor pollicis brevis
(o) radius (post surface) + interosseous membrane
(i) base of proximal phalanx of thumb
(inn) radial n (7/8)
(act) radial deviation of hand @ radiocarpal joint; extension carpometacarpal and MCP joints of the thumb
extensor pollicis longus
(o) ulnar (post surface)+ interosseous membrane
(i) base of distal phalanx of thumb
(inn) radial n (7/8)
(act) wrist extension and radial deviation of hand; adduction @ carpometacarpal joint; extension @ MCP and IP joints
extensor indicis
(o) ulnar (post surface) + interosseous membrane
(i) posterior digital extension of 2nd digit
(inn) radial n (7/8)
(act) wrist extension; extension of MCP, PIP, DIP joints of 2nd digit
brachioradialis
(o) distal humerus (lateral surface); lateral intermuscular septum
(i) styloid process of radius
(inn) radial n (5/6)
(act) elbow flexion; forearm semi-supination
extensor carpi radialis longus
(o) lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus; lateral intermuscular septum
(i) 2nd metacarpal (base)
(inn) radial n (5/6)
(act) weak elbow flexion; wrist extension + abduction
extensor carpi radialis brevis
(o) lateral epicondyle
(i) 3rd metacarpal (base)
(inn) radial n (7/8)
(act) weak elbow flexion; wrist extension + abduction
thenar muscles (4)
adductor pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis (superficial and deep head)
opponens pollicis
what intrinsic hand muscle has a superficial and deep head and where do they originate?
flexor pollicis brevis
- superficial head= flexor retinaculum
- deep head= capitate + trapezium
hypothenar muscles (3; technically 4 total)
opponens digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
abductor digiti minimi
- palmaris brevis
metacarpal muscles (3)
lumbrical (4 muscles)
dorsal interossei (4 muscles)
palmar interossei (3 muscles)
dorsal interossei generally _(AB/ADD)__ the ______ joint
dorsal interossei ABDUCT the MCP joint
palmar interossei generally _(AB/ADD)__ the ______ joint
palmar interossei generally ADDUCT the MCP joint
why does the 3rd digit (middle finger) NOT have palmar interossei muscle attachment?
the 3rd digit (middle finger) is the midline for finger adduction/abduction; therefore it is already in the “adducted” position
adductor pollicis (2 heads)
o)
transverse head: 3rd metacarpal (palmar surface)
oblique head: capitate, base of 2nd + 3rd metacarpal
i) thumb (base of proximal phalanx) via ulnar sesamoid
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act) adduction of CMC joint of thumb; flex of thumb MCP joint
abductor pollicis brevis
o) scaphoid; trapezium; flexor retinaculum
i) thumb (base of proximal phalanx) via radial sesamoid
inn) median n (C8,T1)
act) abduction of CMC joint of thumb
flexor pollicis brevis (2 heads)
o)
superficial head: flexor retinaculum
deep head: capitate + trapezium
i) thumb (base of proximal phalanx) via radial sesamoid
inn)
superficial head: median n (C8,T1)
deep head: ulnar n (C8,T1)
act) flexion of CMC joint of thumb
opponens pollicis
o) trapezium
i) 1st metacarpal (radial border)
inn) median n (C8, T1)
act) opposition at CMC joint of thumb
opponens digiti minimi
o) hook of hamate; flexor retinaculum
i) 5th metacarpal (ulna border)
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act) opposition- draws metacarpal in palmar direction
flexor digiti minimi brevis
o) hook of hamate; flexor retinaculum
i) 5th proximal phalanx (base)
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act) flexion of pinky MCP joint
abductor digiti minimi
o) pisiform bone
i) 5th proximal phalanx (ulnar base) + dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act) flexion and abduction of pinky MCP joint; extension of pinky PIP and DIP joints
palmaris brevis
o) palmar aponeurosis (ulnar border)
i) skin of hypothenar eminence
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act) tightens the palmar aponeurosis (protective function)
… this action sounds similar to what forearm muscle?
lumbricals (1 and 2)
o) TENDONS of flexor digitorum produndus- radial sides
i) 2nd and 3rd digit
inn) median n (C8,T1)
act)
2nd- 5th digits:
MCP joint flexion; extension at the proximal and distal IP joints of 2nd to 5th digits
lumbricals (3 and 4)
o) TENDONS of flexor digitorum produndus- medial and lateral sides
i) 4th and 5th digit
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act)
2nd- 5th digits:
MCP joint flexion; extension at the proximal and distal IP joints
dorsal interossei (1st)
o) 1st and 2nd metacarpals (adj sides, 2 heads)
i) 2nd digit; 2nd proximal phalanx (radial side)
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act)
2nd-4th digits:
MCP joint flexion; extension and abduction at proximal and distal IP joints FROM 3RD digit (away from middle finger)
dorsal interossei (2nd)
o) 2nd and 3rd metacarpals (adj sides, 2 heads)
i) 3rd digit; 3rd proximal phalanx (radial side)
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act)
2nd-4th digits:
MCP joint flexion; extension and abduction at proximal and distal IP joints FROM 3RD digit (away from middle finger)
dorsal interossei (3rd)
o) 3rd and 4th metacarpals (adj sides, 2 heads)
i) 3rd digit; 3rd proximal phalanx (ULNAR side)
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act)
2nd-4th digits:
MCP joint flexion; extension and abduction at proximal and distal IP joints FROM 3RD digit (away from middle finger)
dorsal interossei (4th)
o) 4th and 5th metacarpals (adj sides, 2 heads)
i) 4th digit; 4th proximal phalanx (ULNAR side)
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act)
2nd-4th digits:
MCP joint flexion; extension and abduction at proximal and distal IP joints FROM 3RD digit (away from middle finger)
palmar interossei (1st)
o) 2nd metacarpal (ulnar side)
i) 2nd digit; 2nd proximal phalanx (base)
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act)
2nd/4th/5th digits:
MCP joint flexion; extension and adduction TOWARD 3rd digit (fingers move towards middle finger)
palmar interossei (2nd)
o) 4th metacarpal (radial side)
i) 4th digit; 4th proximal phalanx (base)
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act)
2nd/4th/5th digits:
MCP joint flexion; extension and adduction TOWARD 3rd digit (fingers move towards middle finger)
palmar interossei (3rd)
o) 5th metacarpal (radial side)
i) 5th digit; 5th proximal phalanx (base)
inn) ulnar n (C8,T1)
act)
2nd/4th/5th digits:
MCP joint flexion; extension and adduction TOWARD 3rd digit (fingers move towards middle finger)
what forearm muscles originate in the interosseous membrane?
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor indicis
what is another term for wrist abduction? wrist adduction?
wrist abduction (or abduction of the radiocarpal joint)= radial deviation
wrist adduction= ulnar deviation
what muscles cause radial deviation?
flexor carpi radialis
flexor pollicis longus
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor carpi radialis (longus+brevis)
what muscles cause ulnar deviation?
flexor carpi ulnaris
extensor carpi ulnaris
what are the muscles of the anterior forearm innervated by ulnar n. (2 ms)
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar 1/2- ring + pinky finger)
what muscles originate at the medial epicondyle?
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
what muscles originate at the lateral epicondyle?
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
supinator
extensor carpi radialis brevis
the posterior forearm muscles are innervated by what nerve?
radial n (C5-T1)
the nerve branch that innervates the THENAR muscles are…. (be specific, what branch of what major nerve)
Median recurrent n.
the _____________ tendon runs between the 2 heads of the flexor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis longus
