Shoulder Girdle Flashcards
What is the shoulder girdle made up of?
-Scapula
-Clavicle
What does the shoulder girdle articulate with?
-head of humerus (shoulder joint)
-manubrium of sternum (sternoclavicular (SC) joint)
-each other (acromioclavicular {AC} joint)
What function does the shoulder girdle have?
To connect the upper limb to the trunk of the body
What is not considered to be part of the shoulder girdle?
Humerus
What type of joint is the shoulder classified as?
ball and socket joint
What type of bone is the clavicle?
long bone
What lies just above the first rib?
Clavicle
The acrominal extremity (lateral end) of the clavicle articulates with what?
Acromion on scapula (AC joint)
The sternal extremity (medial end) of the clavicle articulates with what?
manubrium of sternum (SC joint)
True or False
The clavicle has a curve more pronounced in males than in females?
True
What type of bone is the scapula?
flat bone
What forms the posterior portion of the shoulder girdle and is triangular in shape?
Scapula
What are the two surfaces of the scapula?
-costal (anterior) ribs
-dorsal (posterior) back
What are the three borders of the scapula?
-lateral border
-medial border
-superior border
What are the three angles of the scapula?
-superior angle
-inferior angle (T7)
-lateral angle
where is the scapular notch located?
Superior border
What is the lateral, thickened end of the scapula spine called?
Acromion
Essential Projections: Shoulder
AP Projections
-internal rotation
-external rotation
-neutral position
-AP oblique (Grashey method)
-Transthoracic lateral (Lawrence method)
-Inferosuperior axial (Lawrence method)
-PA oblique (scapular Y)
The thumb follows what?
The greater tubercle
What is the part position for AP projection of shoulder in (external rotation)
-rotate arm externally and supinate hand
-epicondyles are parallel to the IR
What is the distance for the AP projections of the shoulder?
40 inches
Where do you center for the AP Projection of shoulder (external rotation)
Enters perpendicular 1 inch inferior to coracoid process
What do you see in the AP projection shoulder (external rotation)?
-greater tubercle in profile on lateral aspect of humerus
-humeral head in profile
-scapulohumeral joint visualized with slight overlap of humeral head on glenoid cavity
-outline of lesser tubercle between the humeral head and greater tubercle
What is the part position for AP projection of shoulder (internal rotation)
-rotate arm internally, rest back of the hand on hip
-epicondyles are perpendicular
Where do you center for the AP projection of shoulder (internal rotation)
-CR is perpendicular
-Enters patient 1 inch inferior to coracoid process
What do you see in the AP projection of the shoulder (internal rotation)?
-lesser tubercle is in profile and pointing medially
-outline of greater tubercle superimposing humeral head
-collimated field includes superior scapula, lateral half of clavicle, and proximal humerus
-greater amount of humeral overlap of the glenoid cavity than in external and neutral positions
What is the part position for AP Shoulder (neutral rotation)?
-patient rest the palm of the hand against the thigh
-epicondyles are at a 45 degrees
Where do you center for the AP projection of shoulder (neutral position)
-CR is perpendicular
-Enters patient 1 inch inferior to coracoid process
What do you see in an AP projection of the shoulder (neutral position)?
-Neither the greater nor the lesser tubercle should appear in profile
-humeral head will be in partial profile
-greater tubercle will partially superimpose the humeral head
-some overlap of the humeral head and glenoid should be seen
What is the part position for the AP Oblique (Grashey) for shoulder?
-put patient 35 to 45 degrees posterior oblique position
-affected shoulder closer to iR
-head of the humerus in contact with IR
-scapula parallel to IR
-more rotation if patient is recumbent (60 degrees)?
-abduct arm slightly internally rotate
-place palm of hand on abdomen
Where do you center for the AP Oblique (Grashey)?
-perpendicular to glenoid cavity
-enters 2 inches medially and inferior to superolateral border of shoulder
-free joint space of humerus