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Radiology Positioning Final > Fingers, Hand, and Wrist > Flashcards

Fingers, Hand, and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

How many phalanges are in each hand?

A

14 phalanges

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2
Q

How many metacarpals are in each hand?

A

5 metacarpals

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3
Q

How many carpals bones are in each wrist?

A

8 carpal bones

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4
Q

How many phalanges are in the first digit (thumb)?

A

two phalanges

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5
Q

phalanges of hand:

A

-distal
-middle
-proximal

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6
Q

where do the head of the metacarpals (distal end articulate?

A

phalanges

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7
Q

where do the bases of the metacarpals(proximal) articulate with?

A

carpals

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8
Q

what does the proximal row (lateral to medial) of carpal bones consist of?

A

-scaphoid
-lunate
-triquetrum
-pisiform

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9
Q

what does the distal row (lateral to medial) of carpal bones consist of?

A

-trapezium
-trapezoid
-capitate
-hamate

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10
Q

Mnemonic aids to remember the carpal bones

A

steve left the party to take carol home
- scaphoid
-lunate
-triquetrum
-pisiform
-trapezium
-trapezoid
-capitate
-hamate

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11
Q

articulation between phalanges
-classified as synovial, diarthrotic, or freely movable joint

A

Interphalangeal (IP) Joints

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12
Q

articulations between the heads of the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges
- classified as synovial, diarthrotic, ellipsoidal type

A

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints

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13
Q

articulates between the bases of the metacarpals and the carpal bones
-first CMC classified as synovial, diarthrotic, saddle type
-second to fourth CMC joint are gliding types

A

Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint

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14
Q

articulations between the carpal bones
-classified as synovial, diarthrotic, gliding type

A

intercarpal joints

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15
Q

articulation between the carpals and the distal radius
-classfied a synovial, diarthrotic, ellipsoidal type

A

radiocarpal joint

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16
Q

Essential projections: digits 2 to 5

A

-PA
-Lateral
-PA oblique

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17
Q

Where do you center for a PA finger?

A

-Perpendicular to IR
-Enters patient at PIP joint

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18
Q

Where do you center for a Lateral finger?

A

-Perpendicular to the IR
-Enters patient at PIP joint

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19
Q

How many degrees do we rotate the finger for an PA oblique digit?

A

45 degrees

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20
Q

Where do you center for the PA oblique digit?

A

-Perpendicular to PIP joint of affected digit

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21
Q

Essential Projections: Thumb

A

-AP
-Lateral
-PA oblique

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22
Q

Where do we center for an AP thumb?

A

-Perpendicular to the 1st MCP joint

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23
Q

To put the thumb in a lateral position what do you do?

A

Curl your fingers up to make the thumb true lateral

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24
Q

Where do we center for the lateral thumb?

A

-Perpendicular to the 1st MCP joint

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25
Q

To put the thumb in a oblique position what do you do?

A

just put your hand out, since the thumb is already in a oblique position

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26
Q

how many degrees is the PA oblique thumb?

A

45 degrees

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27
Q

If you can’t turn the thumb over on its side for the AP projection what do you do?

A

Do the thumb in a PA position but make sure the thumb is at the same level of the 2nd finger

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28
Q

Where do you center for an PA oblique thumb?

A

perpendicular to 1st MCP joint

29
Q

What is the distance for hand, fingers, wrist?

A

40 inches (100 cm)

30
Q

Essential projections: hand

A

-PA
-Lateral
- Fan lateral
- lateral full extension
-PA oblique

31
Q

Where do we center for the PA hand?

A

perpendicular to 3rd MCP joint

32
Q

What’s the collimation for PA hand?

A

1 inch on all sides of the hand, including 1 inch proximal to the ulnar styloid

33
Q

How many degrees in an PA Oblique hand?

A

45 degrees

34
Q

Where do we center for the PA Oblique hand?

A

perpendicular to 3rd MCP joint

35
Q

joint spaces will be opened in a?

A

PA Oblique Hand

36
Q

In a true lateral hand

A

-elbow is flexed 90 degrees
-radial and ulnar styloids superimposed and peripendicular
-digits aligned parallel to IR
-hand on medial surface
-bring thumb down

37
Q

where do we center for a lateral hand?

A

perpendicular to 2nd MCP joint

38
Q

in a lateral fan hand

A

-fan the hand
-separate fingers
-elbow flexed 90 degrees
-medial aspect in contact with IR

39
Q

demonstrates anterior and posterior metacarpal fractures

A

Lateral hand in flexion

40
Q

Why do we do the Norgaard Method-Ball-catcher’s position?

A

Early detection of rheumatoid arthritis

41
Q

The Norgaard method is known as?

A

ball catcher position

42
Q

How is the Norgaard method done?

A

-Hands oblique at 45 degrees
-AP
-Pisiform is best demonstrated

43
Q

What is the central ray for the Norgaard method?

A

Mid way between both hands at the level of the MCP joint

44
Q

Essential Projections: Wrist

A

-PA
-Lateral
-PA oblique
-PA projection (ulnar deviation position)
-PA axial (stecher method) to see scaphoid
-Tangenital (Gaynor-Hart Method) for carpal canal

45
Q

What is the collimation for wrist?

A

2 1/2 inches proximal and distal to the wrist joint and 1 inch on the sides

46
Q

Where do we center for the PA wrist?

A

perpendicular to midcarpal area

47
Q

What happens to the elbow on a PA wrist?

A

Elbow flexed at 90 degrees

48
Q

Why do we curl our fingers up for the PA wrist?

A

To put the carpal bones closer to the IR

49
Q

You see the carpal interspaces in?

A

An AP wrist

50
Q

Why do we do a lateral wrist?

A

To better demonstrate the ulna styloid process

51
Q

Where do we center for a lateral wrist?

A

Perpendicular to the midcarpal area

52
Q

Why does the thumb come down for the lateral wrist?

A

You can better see the trapezium

53
Q

For the wrist how should everything be?

A

-be in the same plane
-elbow at 90 degrees

54
Q

fracture of distal radius with posterior displacement?

A

Colles fracture

55
Q

Where do we center for the PA Oblique wrist?

A

Perpendicular to midcarpal area

56
Q

How many degrees for the PA oblique wrist?

A

45 degrees (lateral rotation)

57
Q

Known as the largest carpal bone?

A

Capitate

58
Q

The bone that has the most fractures in the wrist?

A

Scaphoid

58
Q

In an AP Oblique Wrist?

A

The triquetrum, hook of hamate, and pisiform free of superimposition

59
Q

In the PA projection (Ulnar Deviation Position)

A

turning hand outwards towards the ulna into extreme ulnar deviation

60
Q

What do you see in the ulnar deviation?

A

The 1st metacarpal is aligned with the radius

61
Q

What happens in the PA axial Scaphoid (Stecher Method)?

A

Angle cassette 20 degrees or angle tube 20 degrees

62
Q

What happens to the scaphoid in the ulnar deviation?

A

Scaphoid gets elongated (longer) and more posteriorly

63
Q

Where do we center for the Stecher Method?

A

Perpendicular to table and enters at scaphoid

64
Q

Why do we do the Gaynor-hart method (tangential view)?

A

For carpal tunnel syndrome

65
Q

How many degrees do you angle the tube for the Gaynor-hart? What should you do with your hands

A

-25 to 30 degrees toward the palm of the hand (base of 3rd)
-tilt hand up to the sky

66
Q

If the patient can’t bend their hands up for the Gaynor hart what do you do instead?

A

make them turn around and do a superoinferior carpal canal

67
Q

What is the collimation for the Gaynor hart?

A

Enters at a point approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to the base of the 3rd metacarpal

Radiology Positioning Final (3 decks)

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