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MSK > Shoulder and Elbow Problems > Flashcards

Shoulder and Elbow Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What age are rotator cuff problems and capsulitis seen in?

A

30s and 40s

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2
Q

What ages are impingement and AC joint problems seen in?

A

50s and 60s

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3
Q

What ages are degenerative rotator cuff and joint seen in?

A

70s +

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4
Q

What is the most mobile joint of the body?

A

The shoulder

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5
Q

Most dislocated positions of the shoulder

A

Anterior 90%
Posterior 9%
Inferior 1%

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6
Q

How does a posterior shoulder dislocation usually occur?

A

Fitting in sleep

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7
Q

What % are you likely to have a recurrent shoulder dislocation if you are in your teens and why is this?

A

90-95%

Due to labrum tear

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8
Q

Treatment of traumatic shoulder dislocation

A 
Manipulation 
Immobilisation 
Physio 
Surgery 
- if risk of shoulder to dislocate again -> 2 dislocations is one too many
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9
Q

After a treatment of shoulder dislocation, how many months should they be out of contact sport?

A

6 months

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10
Q

How does the shoulder dislocation surgery prevent it from dislocating again?

A

can anchor labrum onto the glenoid to create a bumper to stop it dislocating again

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11
Q

Definition of subacromial impingement

A

Pain and dysfunction resulting from any pathology which decreases the volume of the subacromial space or increases the size of the contents i.e. swelling

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12
Q

Presentation of subacromial impingement

A 
Painful arch 
Pain in abduction 
- initial part pain free
- as move up gets more and more painful 
- as near to the top then the pain may subside 
no pain in general
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13
Q

Treatment of subacromial impingement

A

subacromial steroid injection
physio
arthroscopic subacromial decompression

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14
Q

Pathology of frozen shoulder

A

adhesive capsulitis - inflammation of the joint lining

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15
Q

Types of frozen shoulder

A

Primary - unknown cause
Secondary
- where the shoulder stiffens up due to e.g. periods of immobilisation or injury

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16
Q

Presentation of frozen shoulder

A 
Freezing phase = PAIN 
- very acute (people present to A and E)
- wakes people at night
- very agonising
- miserable life
Frozen stage = as pain subsides
- pain stopping
- starts to get stiff
- global restriction of all movements 
Thawing phase
- ROM starts to improve
17
Q

The 3 stages of frozen shoulder

A
  1. freezing phase
  2. frozen phase
  3. thawing phase
18
Q

How long can frozen shoulder last from the start (the pain) to the finish (the thaw)?

A

2 years

19
Q

Investigations of frozen shoulder

A

examination
- no difference between active and passive movements
radiograph (normal)

20
Q

Treatment of frozen shoulder

A

Early presentation = inject steroid

later presentation = surgery

21
Q

Types of rotator cuff tear

A

Traumatic

Degenerative

22
Q

If pain of a shoulder is not settling with physio, what is the condition suspected as until proven otherwise?

A

Rotator cuff tear

23
Q

Treatment of rotator cuff tea

A

Acute tears = early surgery

Chronic degenerative tears = surgery if symptomatic

24
Q

What age are tendinopathies of the elbow seen in?

A

middle age

25
Q

Symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

numb little finger and one half of ring finger

26
Q

Pathology of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Compression of the ulna nerve as it passes round the back of the medial epicondyle

27
Q

What is golfers elbow?

A

Area of pain on the inside of the forearm

Flexor muscles that are attached to the medial epicondyle

28
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

Area of pain on the outside of forearm

Extensor muscles that are attached to the lateral epicondyle

29
Q

What causes elbow tendinopathies?

A

Same repetitive activities e.g.

  • golf/tennis
  • manual labourers
  • fish markets
30
Q

Lesions associated with anterior dislocation of the shoulder

A

Bankart lesion

Hills-Sach defect

31
Q

Features of an acromioclavicular dislocation

A

Loss of shoulder contour

Prominent clavicle

MSK (25 decks)

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