Shoulder and Brachial Plexus Anatomy Flashcards
what movements can the shoulder perform?
-flexion and extension
-abduction/adduction
-interal/external rotation
-circumduction
what movements can the elbow perform?
-flexion/extension
-pronation and supination
what movements can the wrist perform?
-flexion/extension
-abduction/adduction
what is circumduction?
circular movement a ball and socket joint
what is pronation/supination?
rotating the forearm
-moves palm from ant to post facing or vice versa
-not medial rotation, requires arm to be Half flexed
what is aposition?
gripping between fingers and thumb
-reposition = release
-opposition of thumb = only when thumb meets 5th digit
what are the possible movements of digits?
-flex
-extend
-abduct
-adduct
-circumduct
what is the pectoral girdle?
the scapula and humerus working around the shoulder
what is the shoulder joint?
glenohumeral joint
where is the clavicle located?
from the manubrium to the acromion
sits just above humerus
what classifies the clavicle?
-has slight sigmoid curves
-conccave lat convex med
-has space for vessels and nerves
-transmits weight
-acts as strut (holds limb out and transfers weight)
-strong ligaments of SC joint (bone is more likely to break rather than muscles or tendons)
what is the scapula?
-large flat triangular bone
what ribs does the scapula overlap?
2-7
what is the spine of the scapula?
the sharp ridge that goes laterally across, supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa
what is the acromion process?
lateral, high point of the shoulder, articulates with the clavicle
what is the coracoid process?
lateral & anterior, where muscles attach
what is the glenoid cavity?
laterally, inferior to acromion, articulates with humerus
where does the scapula have a joint connection to the axial skeleton?
it does not.
which muscles hold the scapula in place?
-trapezius
-levator scapulae
-rhomboid major and minor
-serratus anterior
-pectoralis minor
what happens when the scapula moves?
moves around AC and SC joints, generated by muscles that attach scapula to trunk
-indirectly also muscles trunk to humerus when shoulder fixed
what is protraction/retraction?
pushing and retracting
what happens when there is a lateral rotation/abduction of the scapula?
tilts the glenoid cavity upwards
what happens when there is a medial rotation/ adduction of the scapula?
brings arm back down
what is the floor of the axilla?
upward arching sheet skin
what is the apex of the axilla?
points up and medially, continuous with neck root
what is the anterior wall of the axilla?
pectoral muscles
what is the posterior wall of the axilla?
subscapularis, tires major and lat dorsi
what is the medial wall of the axilla?
chest wall and serrates ant
what is the lateral wall of the axilla?
the humerus and muscles
what is the pectoralis major?
fan shaped superficial muscle
what are the attachments of the pectoralis major?
has 2 heads
-medial clavicle
-sternum and upper 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external obliques
-humerus (crest of greater tubercle & lat lip of inter tubercle groove
lower fibres trust to form U shaped tendon
what are the actions of the pectoralis major?
both heads together
-protracts and depresses scapula
-adducts & medial rotation humerus
-clav head - flexes humerus
-sternocostal - extends humerus
what nerve innervates pectoralis major?
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
what is the pectoralis minor?
a triangular muscle, deep to major
what are the attatchments of the pectoralis minor?
3-5th ribs
coracoid process of scapula
what are the actions of the pectoralis minor?
-depresses shoulder
-pulls scapula (&shoulder) forward
-raises ribs (inspiration) when scapula fixed
what nerve innervates the pectoralis minor?
medial pectoral nerve
what is the brachial plexus?
nerve supply to the upper limb
what makes up the brachial plexus?
ventral rami of nerves from C5-T1 spinal nerve roots
has some minor contributions from C4 and T2
extends inferiorally and lateral through the neck/axilla and into arm
what does the brachial plexus do?
provides sensory, motor and sympathetic nerve supply to the pectoral girdle and upper limb except for trapezius.
the complex re-routing gives back up mechanism
what comes off from the lateral cord?
musculo cutaneous nerve and the axillary nerve
what comes off the posterior cord?
axillary nerve and radial nerve
what makes up the median cord?
fibres from the lateral and medial cord
where does the ulnar nerve come off?
medial cord
what are the roots of the brachial plexus?
5 of them, vetral rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves, unite in a pattern to form 3 trunks
-emerge between scalene anterior and medius muscles