Shoulder and Axilla Flashcards
What is the bone that forms the connection between the axial skeleton and the upper extremity?
- Scapula
- Clavicle
- Humerus
Clavicle. This bone includes the sternal end, acromial end, and the conoid tubercle.
How many muscle attachments does the scapula have?
18
The axillary sheath of the axilla or armpit region is derived from:
- The infrahyoid muscle
- The suprahyoid muscles
- Scalene Muscles
- Muscles of the trunk
Scalene Muscles . The contents of the sheath include axillary artery, axillary vein, and the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus.
Which of the following is not an anterior boundary for the Axilla:
- Pectoralis Major & Minor
- Clavicle
- Subclavian Muscles
- Sternum
Sternum
The teres major, latissimus dorsi, scapule, and subscapularis muscle form the ______border of the axilla.
- Anterior
- Posterior
Posterior. The posterior axillary fold is formed by the lower borders of the teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles
The ribs, intercostal muscles, and serratus anterior muscle for the _______wall of the axilla.
- Medial
- Lateral
Medial. The lateral wall is composed of the floor of the bicipital groove of the humerus and the long head of the biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles.
Apex (Cervicoaxillary canal- Thoracic Outlet) includes all of the following except:
- Head of the humerus
- Superior border of the scapula
- Clavicle
- Root of neck
- First Rib
Head of the humerus
The skin, fascia, and hair make up the _____ of the axilla
- Medial Border
- Lateral border
- Apex
- Base
Base
The contents of the Axilla include all but:
- Brachial Plexus and its branches
- Axillary Nerve
- Axillary artery
- Axillary vein
Axillary Nerve. The axillary sheath includes the artery, vein, and the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus. It also includes axillary lymph nodes which receive lymph from the upper limb and from most of the breast.
The sternoclavicular join is the only bony link connecting the upper limb to the axial skeleton
- True
- False
True
The sternoclavicular joint helps provide a greater range of motion for what other joint?
The glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
Elevation of the scapula results in __________ of the medial end of the clavicle
- Elevation
- Depression
Depression. It is able to do so with respect to the manubrium
Protraction or having the medial end of the clavicle move _________ to the manubrium occurs when the scapula is retracted.
- Anteriorly
- Posteriorly
Anteriorly
Slight rotation of the sternoclavicular joint occurs at the ____axis of the clavicle
- Short
- Long
Long
Which joint helps provide static stability to the upper limb reducing the need to use muscle energy to keep the upper limb in its proper alignment.
- Sternoclavicular
- Acromioclavicular
- Glenohumeral
Acromioclavicular. In this joint, the clavicle can act as a strut maintaining the upper limb away from the thorax permitting a greater range of upper limb motion.
Which is the most movable joint in the body?
- Sternoclavicular
- Acromioclavicular
- Glenohumeral
Glenohumeral
Which joint is not considered a true joint but is a term used to help describe how the scapula moves on the thoracic wall?
Scapulothoracic joint. It can either stabilize the scapula or to actively move the scapula.
________ movement occurs when muscles act directly on the arm resulting in movement of the shoulder joint.
- Active
- Passive
Passive. Since the scapula is attached to the arm by muscles and ligaments, the arms move the scapula passively.
Protraction involves moving the medial border of the scapula______ from the midline
- Towards
- Away
Away
Scapulohumeral rhythm: what is the ration between humeral abduction and upward rotation of the scapule
- 1:1
- 1:2
- 2:1
2:1. Complete abduction of the humerus includes the muscles of the supraspinatus, deltoid, trapezius, serratus anterior.
________muscles attach the upper extremity to the axial skeleton
- Intrinsic
- Extrinsic
Extrinsic. Includes levator scapula, trapezius, rhomboid major and minor, serratus anterior, pec. minor & major, and latissimus dorsi.
_______ means that two or more muscles are acting to bring about a desired movement.
- Agonists
- Passive Movement
- Muscle synergy
- Active Movement
Muscle synergy.
When the trapezius and rhomboids work together, what movement of the scapula gets cancelled out?
- retraction
- elevation
- rotation
Rotation. The trapezius upwardly rotates when retracting while the rhomboids downwardly rotate when retracting and elevating the scapula.
When the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor work together, what movement of the scapula gets cancelled out?
- retraction
- elevation
- rotation
Rotation. The serratus anterior (upward rotation) and pectoralis minor (downward rotation) produce pure protraction.
When the trapezius and serratus anterior work together, what movement of the scapula gets cancelled out?
- Protraction
- elevation
- rotation
Protraction. The trapezius (retraction) and serratus anterior (protraction) are strong upward rotators of the scapula.
Initiation of humeral abduction is a function of which muscle?
- Biceps brachii
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Which muscle is responsible for bringing the arm to shoulder level?
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Deltoid
- Biceps Brachii
Deltoid
Which muscle is not required for scapulohumeral rhythm?
- Biceps Brachii
- Deltoid
- Trapezius
- Serratus Anterior
Biceps Brachii. The deltoid is responsible for abducting the humerus, the trapezius and serratus anterior allow for upward rotation of the scapula. Otherwise, the acromion would be arrested.
The axillary artery is a continuation of what artery?
Subclavian artery at the lateral border of the first rib. It becomes the brachial artery at the inferior border of the teres minor.
Which portion of the axillary artery supplies blood to the shoulder girdle and its attached muscles?
- Superior thoracic
- Lateral thoracic
- Thoracoacromial trunk
- Posterior humeral circumflex
Thoracoacromial trunk
Which muscle is bigger?
- Anterior humeral circumflex artery
- Posterior humeral circumflex artery
Posterior humeral circumflex artery
The suprascapular artery joins which artery after passing through the suprascapular notch to the infraspinous fossa.
- Superior thoracic
- Lateral thoracic
- Subscapular
- Axillary
Subscapular. Before reaching the suprascapular notch, the suprascapular artery will pass over the transverse scapular ligament to the supraspinous fossa.
The superficial axillary vein is formed by the junction of what 2 veins?
The brachial and basilic veins. The cephalic vein joins near the termination of the axillary vein by the first rib.
Which of the following muscles do not form the border of the triangle of Auscultation used for listening to the thorax.
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Upper Trapezius
- Lower Trapezius
- Rhomboid Major
- Scapula
Upper Trapezius. The floor of the triangle includes the 6 & 7th ribs and the intercostal space.
The lateral epicondyle is associated with ____(a)____ and the medial epicondyle is associated with __(b)____
(a) trochlea
(a) capitulum
(b) trochlea
(b) capitulum
The lateral epicondyle is associated with the capitulum and the medial epicondyle is associated with trochlea. The capitulum articulates with the head of the radius and the trochlea articulates with the olecranon fossa of the ulna
Which one of the following structures is not apart of the boundary for the posterior axilla:
- Teres major
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Scapula
- Subscapularis
- Trapezius
Trapezius
