Cervical Nerves Flashcards
How many components are there in the visceral nervous system
- 2
- 3
- 4
3: superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia
The cell bodies of preganglionic axons are found in the intermediolateral column of grey matter in:
- upper cervical spinal cord
- lower cervical spinal cord
- upper thoracic spinal cord
- lower thoracic spinal cord
upper thoracic spinal cord AS WELL AS the upper lumbar spinal cord (T1-L2)
The cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in the _______ and innervate the heart, skin, of the neck and upper limb, skin and vasculature of the face and scalp, and structures in the eye.
- upper cervical spinal cord
- lower cervical spinal cord
- paravertebral ganglia
- prevertebral ganglia
paravertebral ganglia
The ventral ramus of C1 contains:
- Only sensory neurons
- Only somatic motor neurons
- Both
Only somatic motor neurons. It contains no dorsal root ganglion.
The sensory branches of the cervical nerve plexus include all but:
- Lesser Occipital (C2)
- Greater Occipital (C2)
- Great Auricular (C2,C3)
- Transverse Cervical (C2,C3)
- Supraclavicular (C3,C4)
Greater Occipital (C2)
The motor information of the mixed phrenic nerve (C3,4,5) travels:
- To the diaphragm
- From diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura
- From the pericardium
To the diaphragm
Motor branches of the cervical nerve plexus include all but:
- Ansa Cervicalis C1-C3
- Branches to scalene muscles
- Branches to suprahyoid muscles
- Branches to prevertebral muscles
Branches to suprahyoid muscles
The ____ is the main sensory nerve of the face covering the the mastoid process and neck.
- The carotid plexus
- The trigeminal nerve
- The vagus nerve
- The phrenic nerve
The trigeminal nerve. It includes cutaneous branches of Opthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular regions.
Branches of the cervical plexus carry sensation from all of the following skin except:
- The mastoid process
- anterior neck
- posterior neck
- top of the shoulder
- lateral neck
posterior neck
Parietal Pleura and parietal pericardium are fluid secreting membranes that line the chest cavity and cover the heart. Sensation from these somatic serous membranes are conveyed by the:
- Vagus nerve (C3-C5)
- Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
Pain coming from a somatic area, yet felt in another somatic region explains the phenomena of:
Referred somatic pain. A good is example is the supraclavicular and phrenic nerves C3 and C4
The visceral nervous system conveys motor information to all of the following except:
- Heart
- Smooth Muscle
- Lungs
- Glands
Lungs
The visceral nervous system conveys sensation from the viscera to:
The Spinal Cord
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the ______ component of the nervous system:
- Sensory
- Motor
Motor
________ exerts its effect on the heart, smooth muscle, and glands by secretion of norepinepherine (Adrenergic)
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
Sympathetic. Parasympathetic exerts its effect of the heart, smooth muscle, and glands by secretion of acetylcholine (Cholinergenic).
Axons of _____ bring sympathetic information to effector organs
- Preganglionic neurons
- Postganglionic neurons
Postganglionic neurons
Rami commuicans connect paravertebral ganglia to :
- Dorsal rami
- Ventral rami
Ventral rami
White ramus contains _________ sympathetic axons
- Preganglionic
- Postganglionic
Preganglionic. The white rami connect the paravertebral ganglia in the thoracic and upper lumbar regions to ventral rami T1-L2
_______ Contains the axons of postganglionic sympathetic neurons and connects al paravertebral ganglia in the neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis to ventral rami
- Grey ramus
- White ramus
Grey ramus
Which of the following is not a pathway the preganglionic axons can take after entering the paravertebral bodies:
- they can synapse with a cell body of a postganglionic neuron within the paravertebral ganglion in which they enter
- they can ascend or descend within the sympathetic chain to synapse in a paravertebral ganglion either superior or inferior to the one they entered
- they are distributed to the heart and lungs to form the sympathetic components of the cardiac and pulmonary plexi
- they can pass through a paravertebral ganglion without synapsing to later synapse within prevertebral ganglion in the abdomen
they are distributed to the heart and lungs to form the sympathetic components of the cardiac and pulmonary plexi- this is a pathway for postganglionic axons traveling through the grey ramus out of the paraverteral body
Postganglionic axons from neurons in the Superior Cervical Paravertebral Ganlgion do not enter grey rami but are distributed with branches of the carotid arteries to cutaneous structures in the skin of the face and scalp and to the dilator pupilae muscle of eye. These postganglionic axons form what is known as _______
- Cervical Plexus
- Brachial Plexus
- Carotid Plexus
Carotid Plexus
The large stellate ganglion is formed by fusing the first thoracic ganglion with the:
- Superior Cervical Ganglion
- Middle Cervical Ganglion
- Inferior Cervical Ganglion
Inferior Cervical Ganglion
Preganglionic sympathetic axons that synapse in the cervical paravertebral ganglia are derived from neurons whose cell bodies lie in the grey matter of the __________
- Lower four cervical segments of the spinal cord
- Upper four cervical segments of the spinal cord
- Upper four thoracic segments of the spinal cord
- Lower four thoracic segments of the spinal cord
Upper four thoracic segments of the spinal cord
Postganglionic sympathetic axons from___________ cervical paravertebral ganglia are distributed to either the skin of the upper limb via the brachial plexus or do not enter grey ramus but go directly to participate in the cardiac and pulmonary plexi:
- Superior and Middle
- Middle
- Inferior and Middle
- Inferior
Inferior and Middle. Postganglionic sympathetic axons from the superior cervical ganglion pass through grey ramus to be distributed to the skin of the neck via the cervical plexus.
Carotid Plexus is derived from ________ and is distributed to the skin of face and scalp and the dilator pupilae muscle of the eye
- Superior Cervical Ganglion
- Middle Cervical Ganglion
- Inferior Cervical Ganglion
Superior Cervical Ganglion
How many ways can postganglionic axons travel directly to the cardiac and pulmonary plexi:
3: Inferior, Middle, and Superior cervical postganglionic sympathetic axons
Which muscle is involved with the drooping of the upper eyelid due to loss of sympathetic input of Horner’s Syndrome
- Superior tarsal muscle
- Middle tarsal muscle
- Inferior tarsal muscle
Superior tarsal muscle
Ptosis (drooping of eyelid), Meiosis (constriction of the eye pupil), and Anhydrosis are all symptoms of:
Horner’s Syndrome. Can also include redness of the affect side of the face resulting from a loss of vasoconstrictive fibers
Aneurysm of the carotid arteries, as seen in Horner’s Syndrome, can cause
- Lesion of the superior cervical ganglion
- interruptions in the action of the postganglionic axons destined for the skin, neck, face, and the orbit
- decrease in preganglionic input into the superior cervical ganglion.
Interruptions in the action of the postganglionic axons destined for the skin, neck, face, and the orbit. Lesion of the superior cervical ganglion is caused by dilation of the carotid sinus. A decrease in preganglionic input into the superior cervical ganglion can be caused by pressure in the sympathetic trunk. Brachial Plexus nerve blocks can also cause Horner’s Syndrome
