shoulder and arm living Flashcards
what is the position of the scapula
LIES ON POSTERIOR AND LATERAL ASPECT OF CHEST
OVERLYING 2ND TO 7TH RIBS
what does the clavical connect
upper limb to axial skeleton
what is the difference between the medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3 of clavical
medial is convex anteriorly
lateral is concave anteriorly
what is the texture of superior and inferior surface of clavical
superior smooth - muscle only attached at ends
inferior rough - because of muscle attachments
what is in the subclavian groove of the clavical
subclavius muscle
what are the articulations of the clavical
medial end - sternum adn 1st cc
lateral - acromion
what is on the medial, anterior and lateral side of the humerus
medial - articular surface or head
lateral - greater tuberosity
anterior - lesser tuberosity
descibe the role and position of the capitulum
lateral
articulats with the radius in elbow flexion
what is the role of the trochlear and position
medial
articuates iwth ulna
what nerves does the humerous make contact with and how can they be damaged
axillary nerve -winds around surgical neck of humerus - damaged by shoulder disslocation
radial - runs in radial (spiral) groove and can be damaged in humoral shaft fractures
ulnar - runs posterior to medial epicondyle and is superficial - damaged in fractures and dislocations of elbow joint
median nerve - runs anterior to distal humerus - damaged in supracondylar fractures of the humerus and dislocaton of elbow joint
what is the relation of the great vessels and nerves to the clavical as they pass from neck to upper limb
go behind the convex medial aspect of clavical
palpate the subc;lavian artery pulse
above and behind medial end of clavical
palpate trunks of brachial plexus
cord like structurs in supraclavicular fossa
may cause discomfort
palpate the corocoid process
below the lateral 1/3 of clavical
what are the vertebral levels related to the scapula
superior angle of scapula - t2
medial end of scap spine - t3
inferior angle of scap - t7
test teh scm
turn head to R/L against reisitance
nerve spinal accessory CN11, C3 and 4
tets the trapezius
raise both shoulders against resistance
nerve - CN11 and C3 4
test poec major
adduct the abducted arm against resistance
nerves - lateral and medial pectoral c5-T1
test srratus anterior
both arms of subject is outstretched with palms against wall and pt asked to push stringly
nerve - long thoracic c5 6
test terus major
adduct arm against resistance
see and palpate muscle in posterior axillary fold
nerve - lower subscapular c5 6
test latissimus dorsi
abduct arm to 90degrees then adduct against resistance
nerve - thoraco dorsal c6 7 8
anterior axillary fold
pec major (sternocostal head)
posterior axillary fold
latissimus dorsi and terus major
test deltoid
abduct upper arm against resistance
nerve c5 6
what is the process for testing muscle function
ask subject ot bring about movement that woudl casue muscle to contract while examiner resists the movement - making muscle stand out and readily palpable
how do you test the biceps
flex the elbow while the exminer applies apposing force against the flexion
What joints can flex or extend *
shoulder
elbow
wrist
digits/hand
what is abduction
moving the distal part away from the midline in the coronal plane
midline of hand is middle finger
midline of foot is second toe
what joints can do abduction *
shoulder
wrist
digits/hand
what is adduction
moving distal part towards midline in coronal plane
what joints can adduct *
shoulder
wrist
hand/limb
what is rotation
revolving a body part along its longitudinal axis
what joint can do rotation *
upper limb
what is internal (medial) rotation
bringing the anterior surface of a body part closer to the midline
what is external (lateral) rotation *
taking the anterior surface of the body part away from the midline
what can do internal and external rotation *
upper limb
what is circumduction *
a combination of flexion/extension and abduction/adduction so that distal part of upper limb moves in a circle
what does circumduction *
upper limb at shoulder joint
what is opposition
bringing the pad of the thumb towards the pad of another digit
what can do opposition
thumb adn any digit on same hand
what is protraction
an anterior movement of body part
what is retraction
a posterior movement of a body part
what does protraction and retraction
scapular on thoracic wall
what is elevation
movement of a body part superiorly
what is depression
movement of body part inferiorly
what can be elevated or depressed
shoulder
what is pronation
rotation of forearm along its axis so palm faces posteriorly
what is supination
rotation of the forearm along its axis so that the palm faces anteriorly
what can do pronation and supination
forearm and hand at radio-ulnar joint
what is a prime mover
also called an agonist
it is the main muscle for producing a specific movement of a body part
what is the auscultation triangle
area between latissimus dorsi and scapular
where is the lateral angle of scap
abstract point at glenoid fossa
what does the conoid tubercle do
attaches ligaments
