shoulder and arm

Question 1

what are the bones in the shoulder and arm *

Answer 1

scapular

clavical - collar bone

humerous

Question 2

describe the scapular *

Answer 2

triangular flat bone

spine of scapular separates the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa

acromion is the lateral end of the spine of the scapular - has small oval facet to articulate with clavicle

coracoid process - anterior hooik of bone protuding forward

lateral - cup like structure where scap is widened forming a socket for shoulder joint which is ball and socket - this is the glenoid cavity/fossa

has superior, lateral and inferior angle

the infraglenoid tubercle is located superior to glenoid cavity - site of attachment for long head of biceps brachii muscle

lateral border is strong and thick for muscle attachments, whereas medial and much of superior border is thin and sharp

suprascapular notch lies immediately medial to root of corocoid process

identify anterior and posterior surface, medial border, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, superior inferior and lateral angles (geometric where glenoid fossa is), greater scapular notch, subscapular fossa

Question 3

descibe the clavical *

Answer 3

it is a small long bone

one of 1st bones to start calcification and one of last to stop - some still calcifying at 22

s shaped

flattened laterally at the acromial end - articulates with acromium of scapular

sternal end has a flat facet - articulates with the manubrium

inferior surface of lateral 1/3 has conoid tubercle and lateral roughening (traoezoid line) for attachment of coracoclavicular ligament

smooth superior surface and rough inferior surface

identify conoid tubercle and subclavian groove

Question 4

describe the humerous *

Answer 4

long bone

straight shaft

ends widened and have features for articulation

anatomical neck is true neck of bone

surgical neck is where breaks occur commonly

deltoid tuberosity - where proximal part of deltoid muscle attaches

condyles - articular part of the sdistal bone these are capitulum and trochlear

epicondyles - lateral and medial are bony bitsabove the condyles

greater tuberosity is lateral

lesser tuberosity is medial

identify the: coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa, radial fossa, medial and lateral supracondylar ridges, medial and kateral epicondylesm capitulum (lateral), trochear (medial), intertubercular groove, radial groove

Question 5

hat is teh difference between a tuberle and tuberosity

Answer 5

tbercle is rounder

Question 6

what is the pectoral girdle *

Answer 6

shoulder girdle - clavicle and scapular

made of chest and back

Question 7

what are the compartments for the shoulder and arm *

Answer 7

anterior pectoral girdle muscle

posterior pectoral girdle muscle

intrinsic shoulder muscles

anterior compartmet of upper arm

posterior compartment of upper arm

Question 8

what are the muscles in the anterior pec girdle compartment *

Answer 8

pec major

pec minor

subclavius

serratus anterior

(all chest muscels except serratus - runs anterior and posterior)

Question 9

describe the pec major *

Answer 9

gives definition to superior part of chest

broad attachments superiorly

proximal attachments: medial 1/3 clav, the sternum and manubrium and 1st 7 cc, sternal end of 6th rib and external oblique’s aporneuosis

distal attachment: lateral lip of intertubercular groove - fibres converge here

function: adducts and medially rotates humerous, lesser actions on scapular, has flexion functions
innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves, clavicular head - C5 6, sternocostal head - C6-T1

blood- thoracoacromial artery, lateral thoracic artery

Question 10

describe the pec minor muscle *

Answer 10

proximal attachment: coracoid process of scapular

anterior surfaces and superior border of rib 3-5 and from deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces

fan out into digital (finger like) parts

attach to 2nd-5th ribs

function: act on scap - pull forward and down
innervation: medial pectoral nerve C5-T1

Question 11

describe the subclavius muscle *

Answer 11

distal attachment - inferior part of cavical

proximal - 1st rib close to costochondrial joint

function: act on clavical relative to trunk, stabalise the clavical
innervation: nerve to subclavius C5-T1

Question 12

describe serratus anterior *

Answer 12

has a wide attachment

attach to medial part of scap

run anteriorly over surface of thoracic cage and attach to ribs 1-9 anteriorly and deep fascia and overlying the intercostal spaces

function: hold scapular onto thoracic wall, protract scapula, assist in upwards rotation
innervation: long thoracic nerve c5 6 7

blood - lateral thoracic artery and thoracodorsal artery

Question 13

what are the muscles in the posterior pectoral girdle compartment *

Answer 13

trapzius

latissimus dorsi

levator scapulae

the Rhomboids

Question 14

describe the trapezius *

Answer 14

1 trapezius muscle on each side - meet in midline

attachment: nuchal line of skull and external occipital proturbance, ligamental nuchae and spine of cervical and thoracic vertebrae to T12

descending part of trapezius - fibres come down

middle part - fibres come across

ascendoing part - fibres go up

anterior attachment to acromium and clavical (curls round to front) and superior spine of scapula, posterior border of lateral1/3 of clavical

innervation: spinal accessory nerve, ventral rami c4 5
function: act on scap - elevates, upward rotation, downward rotation, retraction

blood supply - transverse cervical artery

Question 15

describe the latissimus dorsi *

Answer 15

attach proximally: at iliac crest forming thoracolumbar facia, attach to upper 2-3 sacral segments and spines to T8, lower 3 or 4 ribs

attach distally: fibres converge to form strap like tendon that attaches to floor of intertubercular groove

function: extends, adducts and roatates humerous, pulls body up during climbing, important in rowing
innervation: thoracodorsal nerve c6 7 8

blood - thoracodorsal artery

Question 16

describe the romboids *

Answer 16

made of minor and major

minor is a single strap - from spinous process of c7-t1, ligamentum nuchae and supraspinous ligament to medial scapular

major - parallelogram of muscle

major attaches to spinous process of lower neck and upper thoracic T2-T5 and intervening supraspinous ligaments - insert to medial scapular

function: retracts, rotates, elevates and fixes the scapular
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve c4 5

blood - transverse cervical arteyr or dorsal scapular artery

Question 17

describe the levator scapulae *

Answer 17

attach superior angle of scapular

attach transverse process of C1-C4

function: rotate and elevate scap
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve, C3 C4

blood - transverse cervical artery

Question 18

what are the intrinsic shoulder muscles *

Answer 18

deltoid - goes over the shoulder joint, gives rounded appearance

teres major

the rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) - intrinsically associated with scap, insert at head of humerous

Question 19

describe the deltoid muscle *

Answer 19

attach to spine of scap, acromion and lateral part of clavical (clavical is the anterior attachment)

insert to deltoid tuberosity of humerus

fibrs can act separately for different func - eg extend and flex

func of deltoid as whole: abducts

anterior portion = flexion and medial rotation

posterior portion - extension and lateral rotation

blood supply - posterior humeral circumflex artery, deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery

innervation: axillary nerve c5 6

Question 20

describe the rotator cuff *

Answer 20

all head over shoulder to attach to ehad of humerous

function: fix head of humerous in glenoid fossa

function of supraspinateous: initiating abduction for 1st 15degrees - then deltoid takes over

cover the scapular

prox attachment: scap

terus minor - straight muscle from the posterior surface of the scapula adjacent to lateral border of scapula

all have individual func

supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles in supra/infraspinus fossa respectively

insert into greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 21

describe the terus major *

Answer 21

innervation: lower subscapular nerve c5 6

distal attach in intertubercular sulcus of humerus

prox attach: postrior surface of the inf angle of scap

function: move shoulder, adduct and rotate arm, assists in extension from a flexed position

blood - thoracodorsal artery

Question 22

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm *

Answer 22

biceps brachii

coracobrachialis

brachialis

Question 23

describe biceps brachii *

Answer 23

2 heads

long head more lateral - attach at supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

short - Prox attach: coracoid process of scap

long go through the intertubercular groove of humerus, ligament holds it in place, it crosses over shoulder joint and attahes to tubercle at superior rim of glenoid fossa - supraglenoid tubercle

the 2 heads merge distally

distal attachment - elbow - form tendon that attaches to radial tuberosity, and the bicep aporneurosis (thin sheet like structure that merges with facia)

func: powerful flexor of forearm at elbow joint and supinator of forearm, accessory flexor of arm at GHJ, stabalise anterior aspect of shoulder and flexes shoulder (weak)

innervation - musculocutaneous C5 6

blood - brachial artery

Question 24

descrieb brachialis *

Answer 24

function: elbow flexion
attach: middleshaft of humerous, intermuscular septa

cross elbow joint then attach to coronoid process of ulna adn ulnar tuberosity

innervation - musculocutaneous c5 6

blood - brachial artery and radial recurrent artery

Question 25

describe the coracobrachialis \*

Answer 25

comes from coracoid process forms spindle shpaed muscle runs distally ajnd attaches to medial shaft of humerous function: adduct and act across shoulder joint

Question 26

innervation of the anterior compartment of the arm \*

Answer 26

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 27

what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm \*

Answer 27

triceps anconeus

Question 28

what is the innervatioon of the posterior compartment of the arm \*

Answer 28

radial nerve

Question 29

describe teh triceps brachii \*

Answer 29

3 heads lateral and medial attach to **posterior shaft of humerus and intermuscular septum** long head crosses shoulder and attaches to **infraglenoid tubercle of scapula** tehy converge to form triceps tendon, which crosses elbow joint and attaches posterior to **ulnar's olecranon process** and deep fascia of antebrachium function: extensor at elbow joint * long head extends at the shoulder and a little elbow flexion, * lateral and medial extends teh forearm at elbow innervation - radial nerve c6 7 blood - brachial artery, ulnar collateral artery, profunda brachii artery

Question 30

describe teh anconeus \*

Answer 30

proc attach: humerus distal attach: posterior ulna func: exntension of elbow - main func is to stabalise joint in prontion and supination

Question 31

what are the joints of the shoulder and arm \*

Answer 31

sterno-clavicular joint SCJ acromo-clavicualr joint ACJ gleno-humeral joint GHJ (shoulderjoint) scapulo-thoracic joint STJ (virtual/physiological joint) elbow joint

Question 32

joints of the pectoral girdle \*

Answer 32

SCJ - synovial and has interarticular disk ACJ - acronium and scapula GHJ - not really but is included STJ

Question 33

describe the gleno-humeral joint \*

Answer 33

between glenoid fossa and head of humerous - covered in hyaline cartilage ball and socket synovial joint it is multiaxial glenoid fossa is shallow the 2 glenoid labrums are rims of cartilage that deepen fossa and give it stbility rotator cuff muscles superior, anterior and posterior are required for stability acronium and edge of scap superiorly prone to disslocation inferiorly the rotator cuff depresses the humeral head capsule of shoulder joint extends from glenoid to humeral head and has 2 other extensions * subacromial fossa - capsule extends above humoral head to form a bursa between humeral head and acromial process - common site of pathology * an extension along head of biceps as it lies in intertubercular groove of humerus coroco-acromial arch is above GHJ - consists of acromion, the corocoid process and coraco-acromial ligament running between the 2 - arch prevents humerus rising superiorly against acromion beneath the coraco-acromial arch is the subacromial bursa and supraspinatus tendon - site of path for impingement of shoulder

Question 34

what are the movements of the shoulder jont GHJ adn muscles involved \*

Answer 34

rotate shoulder and clavical flexion, extension abduction, adduction medial and lateral rotation circumduction

Question 35

what are the movements of the STJ \*

Answer 35

this joint is the contact between the scap and thoracic wall elevation/depression scap protraction (forward and lateral movement against cehst wall) /retraction of scap (back and medial) rotation of scap

Question 36

what is the axilla \*

Answer 36

the gateway for nerves and bv to enter and leave upper limb shaped like pyramid transition between shoulder and arm goes down to 5th rib

Question 37

what does the axilla contain \*

Answer 37

axillary arteruy and branches axillary vein and tributaries (at inlet - axillary vein is medial and anterior to artery which is anterior to brachial plexus. as vein and artery pass over rib 1 they are separated by insertion of scapula muscle) lumphatic vessels and nodes the infraclavicular part of brachial plexus lies on rib 1 - long thoracic and intercostobrachial nerves long thoracic nerve enters axilla inlet and passes down medial wall of axilla the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus originate from roots, pass laterally over rib 1 and enter axilla

Question 38

what are the walls of the axilla \*

Answer 38

base is composed of skin, subcutaneous tissue and fascia extending from arm to chest inlet - medial margin is the lateral border of rib 1, anterior margin is posterior surface of clavicle, posterior margin is superior border of scapular up to coracoid process apex lies between 1st rib, clavical and superior border of subscapularis muscle anterior wall formed by pec major and minor and subclavial muscles and clavipectoral fascia posterior wall formed by lat dorsi and terus major inferiorly and scap and subscapularis superiorly and long head of tricep brachii muscles medial wall formed by chest wall 1st-4th ribs and serratus anterior lateral wall formed by intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 39

what are teh arteries of the shoulder and upper arm \*

Answer 39

subclavian axillary brachial artery ulnar and radial arteries

Question 40

what is the path of the arteries in the shoulder and upper arm \*

Answer 40

subclavian artery arises from aorta (L) or R brachiocephaic artery (R) - runs towards axilla in root of neck subclavian arteyr goes under clavical and over 1st rib becomes axillary artery - divided into 3 parts according to relation to pec minor - superior deep and inferior, and gives off branches in axilla arteries give off branches to scap - well supplied for movement when axillary crosses anterior border of terus major it becomes the brachial artery - in distal part of arm runs along median nerve brachial artery enters the forearm - divides at elbow into radial and ulnar branches anastomose around surgical neck - supplying blood to head and joint brachial artery gives off the profunda brachii artery - deep muscle of arm - this is the biggest branch extensive anastomoses at elbow

Question 41

what are the veins in the shoulder and arm \*

Answer 41

cephalic - superficial basilic 0 superficial axillary vein - deep subclavian vein

Question 42

what is the path of veins in the shoulder and arm \*

Answer 42

dorsal venous network in hands form cephalic - runs up lateral border of arm, and basilic - medial cephalic - passes deep into groove between pec major and deltoid (delto-pectoral groove), joins axillary, becomes subclavian basilic - stays superficial, then goes deep in arm by passing through deep fascia, joins venae comitantes of brachial artery (brachial veins) to form axillary in arm lateral thoracic vein joins axillary thoracoepigastric vein connects superficial epigastric vein to lateral thoracic vein - acts as a shunt for blood if portal system develops hypertension or a blockage axillary becomes subclavian at 1st rib

Question 43

image for the deep veins of the region \*

Answer 43

Question 44

what is the lumphatic drainage of the shoudler and upper limb

Answer 44

superficial and deep systems run with veins lymph drains from hand via superficial lymphatics alongside brachial and cephalic veins some lymphatics pass directly and superficially up arm but there are some nodes cubital lymph nodes - medial side of cubital region delto-pectoral nodes alongside cephalic axillary nodes - important for cancer drainage, drain the breast, drain lymph from superficial system there are also deep lymphatics that run along deep veins and terminate in axilla region subclavian lymph trunk

Question 45

what is the problem with removing axillary lumph nodes in breast cancer

Answer 45

can cause lymphedema of arm, forearm adn hand

Question 46

what is the brachial plexus \*

Answer 46

rooting centre for the nerves to nd from spinal root

Question 47

describe the bracjhial plexus \*

Answer 47

roots form C5-T1 pass under clavical form trunks in posterior triangle of neck, then divisions behind clavical, then cords in axilla close to axillary artery, then terminal branches terminal branches are peripheral nerves some terminal branches come off earlier eg dorsla scapula and long thoracic long thoracic supplies serratus anterior

Question 48

what are the largest branches of the brachial plexus \*

Answer 48

axillary nerve c5-6 musculocutaneous nerve c5 6 7 ulna nerve c8 - t1 median nerve c6 - t1 radial nerve c5-t1

Question 49

describe what the branches of teh brachial plexus supply \*

Answer 49

long thoracic - serratus anterior lateral and medial pectoral - pec major ad minor musculocutaneous nerve - anterior compartment of arm median nerve - peripheral nevre, pass through arm, supply forearm ulna nerve - from brachial to forearm - supplies forearm and hand posterior part of brachial plexus gives off axilla and radial nerve axillary supplies deltoid and terus minor muscles, area of skin over deltoid radial supplies posterior muscles thoracodorsal nerve - latissimus doris muscle suprascapular and upper and lower subscapular nerves supply rotator cuf muscles median nerve

Question 50

what are common sites of nerve injury

Answer 50

ulna nerve in cubital fossa shoulder dislocation

Question 51

what are venae communicantes \*

Answer 51

accompanying veins both veins lying on sides of arteries

Question 52

how does the clavical ossify

Answer 52

intramembranous ossification

Question 53

describe the SCJ \*

Answer 53

synovial joint 2 portions separated by a fibrocartilaginous disc strong - because of sternoclavicular ligaments injury = sternoclavicular subluxation and dislocation sternal end of clavical articulates with manubrium and 1st CC this is only connection of perctoral girdle tp axial skeleton it allows movement of clavical and so girdle in 3 planes

Question 54

describe the ACJ \*

Answer 54

synovial joint between acromial end of clavical and acromion process of scap ligaments stabalise this: * acromio-clavicular lig * coraco-clavicular lig - runs from corocoid process of scapular to clavical - there are 2 main sections of lig - conoid and trapzoid * coraco-acromial lig - not string but is often a cause of impingement of gleno-humoral joint usually damaged when you fall onto outstretched hand minor dislocations occur when acromio-clavicular ligament alone is torn more sig when coraco-clavicular lig is torn too

Question 55

ligaments in the capsule of the GHJ \*

Answer 55

gleno-humeral ligaments - strengthen the anterior portion of capsule coraco-humeral lig - strengthen capsule superiorly transverse humeral ligament - holds tendon of long head of biceps in inter-tubercular groove

Question 56

what are the movements of the GHJ and muscles involved \*

Answer 56

flexion * clavicular head of pec major * anterior fibres of deltoid * coracobrachialis * biceps extension * lat dorsi * deltoid abduction * supraspinatus - 1st 15 degrees * central fibres of deltoid - rest adduction * pec major * lat dorsi internal rotation * subscapularis - cant palpate so just feel strength of movement external rotation * infraspinatus * terus minor circumduction - combination of all movements

Question 57

what muscles are involved in resisting rotation in teh GHJ \*

Answer 57

rotator cuff muscles - hold humeral head against glenoid cavity deltoid coracobrachialis short head of biceps long head of biceps

Question 58

describe the STJ \*

Answer 58

theoretical concept articulation between scapula and chest wall between subscapularis...

Question 59

describe the axillary lymph nodes

Answer 59

5 gps - apical, pectoral, subscapular, humeral and central all gps drain via apical nodes into subclavian lymphatic trunk then R lymphatic duct/ thoracic duct (L)

Question 60

nerves that are close to axillary lymph nodes and the risk \*

Answer 60

long thoracic nerve - supplies serratus anterior thoracodorsal - supplies lat dorsi nerves at risk in lymph node dissections section of long thoracic = paralysis of serratus anterior = winging of scap

Question 61

describe the musculocutaneous nerve \*

Answer 61

c 5 6 7 anterior compartment continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm lies close to subscapularis tendon anterior to shoulder risk during surgery of GHJ

Question 62

describe the ulnar nerve \*

Answer 62

c8 - t1 supply ulnar compartment of forearm mainly nerve of hand no branches in arm pass through arm in anterior compartment initially, but more distally in posterior compartment lies posterior to medial epicondyle at elbow and is at risk here

Question 63

describe the median nerve \*

Answer 63

C6-T1 one of nerves that supplies anterior compartment iof forearm and hand no branches in arm passes through arm in anterior compartment at level of elbow is alongside brachial artery at risk in supracondylar fractures of humerus

Question 64

describe the radial nerve \*

Answer 64

C5-T1 supplies posterior compartment of arm and forearm lies on humerus in radial groove at risk in humeral shaft fractures proximal to elbow it divides into superficial radial nerve (sensory) and posterior interosseous nerve (motor)

Question 65

what are the movements of the STJ and what are the muscles involved

Answer 65

elevation * superior trap * levator scapulae * rhomboids depression * inf trap * pec minor * serratus anterior retraction * rhomboids * middle trap * lat dorsi rotation - glenoid fossa faces up or down sa scapulaer rotates rotation up * sup trap * inf trap * serratus anterior rotation down * pec minor * lat dorsi * rhomboids * levator scap

Question 66

what are the movements of the elbow joint and muscles involved \*

Answer 66

flexion * biceps * brachialis * brachiordialis (pronator teres) extension * triceps (anconeus)

Question 67

effect of damage to radial nerve \*

Answer 67

wrist drop

Question 68

what are the movements of the wrist \*

Answer 68

flexion and extension radius involved adduct (radial deviation) abduct (ulnar deviation) - radial is more extension used to hold things tightly

Question 69

movement of metacarpal phalangeal joint \*

Answer 69

flexion and extension abduct - open fingers adduct - close fingers thumb at R angle to digits so flexion and extension is along palm, adduct and abduct are against plane

Question 70

movement of interphalangal joints \*

Answer 70

flexion and extension

Question 71

movement of hand \*

Answer 71

pronation and supination proximal and distal radial and ulnar synovial joints radius rotates over ulnar

Question 72

what provides stability to the GHJ \*

Answer 72

rotator cuff muscles long head of bicep brachii - passes superiorly through joint and and restricts upward movement of the humeral head on the glenoid cavity related bony processes extracapsular ligaments the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule is thickened into the transverse humeral ligament - this holds the tendon of long ehad of biceps in intertubercular sulcus

Question 73

what factors contribute to the movement of the GHJ \*

Answer 73

the synovial mem is loos inferiorly - this and the associated fibrous membrane accomodates abduction the synovial mem forms bursae which lie between tendons and fibrous membranes. synovial mem also folds around long tendon of long head of biceps - these factors reduce friction the medial attachment of teh fibrous membrane is also loose - fascilitating abduction

Question 74

consequences of dislocation of the GHJ \*

Answer 74

anterior inferior glenoid labrum can be torn once joint capsule and cartilage are disrupted joint capsule is suseptible to further dislocations the axillary nerve may be injured by by direct compression the lengthening effect of the humerus may stretch the radial nerve = radial nerve paralysis

Question 75

what are the branches of the axillary artery \*

Answer 75

from 1st part - superior thoracic artery (supply upper region and medial aspect of anterior axillary walls) from 2nd thoraco-acromial (supply anterior axillary wall), and lateral thoracic (supply medial and lateral wall of axilla) from 3rd part subscapular (anastomotic network of vessels around scapula and posterior and medial walls of axilla), anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artey (GHJ, head of humerus)

Question 76

describe subscapularis \*

Answer 76

rotator cuff muscle origin - medial 2/3 of subscapular fossa insertion - lesser tubercle of humerus innervation - upper and lower subscapular nerves c5 6 func: medial rotator of arm, stabalise GHJ blood - branches of subscapular artery

Question 77

describe supraspinatus \*

Answer 77

origin: medial 2/3 of supraspinus fossa and muscle fascia insertion: most superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus innervation: suprascapular nerve C5 6 func: initiation of abduction of arm, stabalise GHJ bllod - suprascapuler artery

Question 78

describe infraspinatus \*

Answer 78

origin: medial 2/3 of infraspinus fossa of scapula and msucle fascia insertion: middle facet on posterior surface of greater tubercle of humerus innervation: suprascapular nerve C5 6 func: lateral rotation of arm adn stabalisation of GHJ blood - suprascapular artery and scapular circumflex artery

Question 79

describe teres minor \*

Answer 79

origin: upper 2/3 of a flatterned strip of bone on posterior surface of scapula, immediately adjacent to lateral border of scapular insertion: inferior facet on posterior surface of greater tubercle innervation: axillary nerve C5 6 func: lateral rotation of arm, stabalise GHJ blood - scapular circumflex artery

Question 80

what is the delto-pectoral groove \*

Answer 80

a triangle bordered by the clavical superiorly, deltoid laterally and the pec major medially

Question 81

function of the pectoral compartments \*(

Answer 81

hold the scapular in place with the humerus/clavical

Question 82

summarise the posterior pectoral girdle compartment \*

Answer 82

trapezius, lat dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids transverrse cervical artery, dorsal scapular artery, thoracodorsal artery func - move scap/humerus dorsal scapular nerve trapezius - accessory nerve lat dorsi - thoracodorsal nerve c3 4 5

Question 83

summarise the anterior pectoral girdle compartment \*

Answer 83

pec minor and major, serratus anterior, subclavius lateral thoracic artery long thoracic and pectoral nerves move humerus/scapular c5 6 7

Question 84

summarise the intrinsic muscle compartment of the shoulder

Answer 84

deltoid, rotator cuff, teres major axillary, subscapular and suprascapular nerves c5 6 scapular circumflex, subscapular, suprascapular, thoracodorsal, humeral circumflex, thoracoacromial arteries func - abduction, rotation adduction

Question 85

describe the SCM \*

Answer 85

origin: manubrium of sternum, medial clavical insert: mastoid process of temporal bone Action - rotate head to opposite side of contraction, laterally flex to contracted side, bilaterally flexes neck blood - occipital and superior thyroid artery nerve - spinal accessory, ventral rami of c3 4