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AoL > Shoulder and Arm > Flashcards

Shoulder and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the humerus articulate with the scapular

A

Glenoid cavity

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2
Q

Where does the scapular articulate with the clavicle

A

At the facet for the clavicle on the acromion (lateral)

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3
Q

What is the name for the fossa on the costal surface of the scapular

A

Subscapular fossa

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4
Q

What is the name for the fossa on the posterior surface of the scapular

A

Infraspinous fossa

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5
Q

What is the proximal attachments of deltoid muscle

A

The deltoid tubercle of scapular spine and the clavicle

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6
Q

State the bones of the shoulder and arm

A

Scapular, clavicle and humerus

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7
Q

What bones does the clavicle articulate with and where

A

Sternum (manubrium) at the sternal facet (articular surface)

Scapular at the acromial facet

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8
Q

Where is the impression for the costoclavicular ligament

A

On the inferior surface of the clavicle, medially

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9
Q

T/F the surgical neck of the humerus is more commonly damaged than the anatomical neck

A

T

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10
Q

State the compartments of the shoulder and arm

A 
Anterior pectoral girdle
Posterior pectoral girdle muscles
Intrinsic shoulder muscles
Anterior compartment of the upper arm
Posterior compartment of the upper arm
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11
Q

Which muscles make up the anterior pectoral girdle muscles

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior (runs b/w anterior and posterior)

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12
Q

Outline the proximal attachments of pec major

A

on the medial 1/3rd of the clavicle, the sternum and costal cartilages

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13
Q

Outline distal attachments of pec major

A

lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus (groove).

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14
Q

Function of pec major

A

Adducts and medially rotates the humerus. Lesser actions on the scapula.

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15
Q

Attachments of the pec minor

A

Proximal: (proximal attachments):
Anterior surfaces of the sternal ends of ribs 3-5.

Distal:Coracoid process of the scapular

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16
Q

Function of pec minor

A

The pectoralis minor depresses the point of the shoulder, drawing the scapula superior, towards the thorax, and throwing its inferior angle posteriorly

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17
Q

Attachments of the subclavius muscle and function

A 
Proximal= 1st rib/costal cartilage 
Distal= clavicle
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18
Q

Attachments of serratus anterior

A

Medial border of the scapular (anterior) to anterior attachments on the ribs

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19
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve arises from the anterior rami of three spinal nerve roots: the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves

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20
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla

A

Pec major and pec minor

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21
Q

What makes up the medial wall of the axilla

A

Serratus anterior/4th rib

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22
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of the axilla

A

Scapular, subscapularis, lattisimus dorsi and teres major

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23
Q

What are the posterior pectoral girdle muscles

A

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator sacpulae and rhomboids

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24
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the trapezius

A

look at the card

Think of it as a chevron, some descending, some ascending and meet on the scapular

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25
Q

State the innervation of the trapezius

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)

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26
Q

Action of the trapezius

A

LOWER: draw scapula down
CENTRAL: retract shoulder
UPPER: elevate shoulder and brace shoulder girdle
UPPER AND LOWER: together rotate scapula for abduction of the whole upper limb

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27
Q

What supplies the latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

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28
Q

Attachments of the dorsi

A

netters

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29
Q

Action of the lat. dorsi

A

Extends, adducts and rotates the humerus; pulls the body up to the arms during climbing. Also important in rowing.

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30
Q

What muscle is the lat. dorsi anatomically related to

A

Travels under the inferior border of teres major and twists in on itself, the two muscles insert into the intertubercular groove of the humerus as a tendon

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31
Q

Which sports tasks is lat. dorsi involved in

A

Pulls body up during climbing and important in rowing

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32
Q

Which nerve are the rhomboids innervated by

A

dorsal scpular nerve

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33
Q

Attachments of rhomboid minor and major

A

Minor: nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7 to the medial border of scapular

Major: spinous process T2-T5 to medial border of scapular

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34
Q

Action of the scapular

A

Retracts, rotates and fixes the scapula.

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35
Q

Which muscles are supplied by dorsal scapular nerve

A

Rhomboids and levator scapulae

36
Q

Function of levaor scapulae

A

Elevates and draws medially and rotates scapula

37
Q

Attachments of levator scapulae

A

Netters

38
Q

Innervation of levator scapulae

A

C3, C4 and the dorsal scapular nerve

39
Q

List the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

Deltoid, teres major and rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis)

40
Q

Which nerve supplies deltoid

A

Axillary nerve

41
Q

Function of deltoid

A

Abducts arm

42
Q

Insertions of deltoid

A

Use imgages and netters

43
Q

T/F deltoid overlies pec major

A

T

44
Q

Function of rotator cuff

A

Fix head of humerus in glenoid cavity of the scapula

45
Q

Outline the circle of muscles as if looking at the glenoid process straight on

A

Useful image on slide 23

46
Q

Supraspinatus function in addition to rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus important in initiating abduction of arm for first 15°, then deltoid takes over.

47
Q

Which muscle acts antagonistically to supraspinatus to adduct the arm

A

Teres major (not rotator cuff) adducts and medially rotates arm.

48
Q

T/f Teres major is not part of rotator cuff

A

T

49
Q

Attachments of teres major

A

Inferior angle of scapular and travels with latissimus dorsi and inserts into intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

50
Q

Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis

51
Q

What is the innervation of each of the following:

  1. Biceps brachii,
  2. brachialis and
  3. coracobrachialis
A

All supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve.

52
Q

Learn the attachments of all 3

A

Netters

53
Q

Blood supply to biceps brachii

A

Brachial artery

54
Q

Which muscles emerge from the coracoid process

A
  1. Pec minor
  2. Short head of biceps brachii
  3. Coracobracialis muscle
55
Q

Action of coracobrachialis

A

Flexion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder

56
Q

Why is the musculocutaneous nerve susceptible to compression

A

It runs through coracobrachialis

57
Q

Innervation of brachialis

A

Musculocutaneous and radial nerve (C7)

58
Q

Which musles are contained within the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Triceps, Anconeus

59
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

radial nerve (C7+C8)

60
Q

Proximal attachments of heads of triceps

A

LONG: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
LATERAL: posterior surface of humerus
MEDIAL: posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove

61
Q

What is the distal attachment of triceps

A

3 heads insert as common tendon into posterior portion of proximal olecranon of ulna

62
Q

Proximal attachment of anconeus

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

63
Q

Distal attachment of anconeus

A

Lateral olecranon of ulna

64
Q

Action of the anconeus

A

Extension of forearm at elbow

and ABDUCTS THE ULNA DURING PRONATION

65
Q

Action of triceps

A

Extension of forearm at elbow

Long head also extends humerus at shoulder

66
Q

What muscle works antagonistically with medial head of triceps

A

brachialis (which chiefly flexes the elbow)

67
Q

Joints of the shouler and upper arm

A 
Pectoral girdle:
-Sterno-clavicular joint
-Acromio-clavicular joint
-Gleno-Humeral joint (Shoulder joint)
-Scapulo-thoracic joint (sometimes referred to as a “virtual” or “physiological” joint)
Outside pectoral girdle:
-Elbow joint
68
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint

A

Joint capsule

69
Q

Why type of joint is the glenohumeral joint

A

Ball-and-socket joint capsule

70
Q

T/f the glenoid cavity is a shallow joint on the scapula

A

T

71
Q

How is the glenodi cavity deepened

A

by a cartilaginous labrum

72
Q

T/f the glenoid fossa provides joint stability to the glenohumeral joint

A

F: muscles required for joint stability. (eg. Rotator cuff group)

73
Q

What are the functions of rotator cuff

A

Main function is to hold the humeral head within the glenoid

The rotator cuff depresses the humeral head

74
Q

Which muscles allow the following movements of the humerus at the shoulder joint:

  1. Abduction
  2. Adduction
  3. Flexion
  4. Extension
  5. Lateral rotaion
  6. Medial rotation
A
  1. Deltoid and supraspinus
  2. Teres major, pec major, lat. dorsi and long head of triceps
  3. Deltoid, coracobracialis, pec major
  4. Deltoid, teres major, lat. dorsi, triceps long head
  5. Deltoid, infraspinatus, terest minor
  6. Deltoid, pec major, lat. dorsi, teres major
75
Q

What are the movements of the scapulo-thoracic joints

A

Elevation / Depression of the scapula
Protraction / Retraction of the scapula
Rotation of the scapula

76
Q

What is containted in the axilla

A

Arteries – axillary artery and its branches
Veins – axillary vein and its tributaries
Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes (important!)
Nerves – the brachial plexus

77
Q

T/f the median nerve lies lateral to the ulnar nerve at the axilla

A

T

78
Q

Outline the arterial tree of the arm

A 
Subclavian artery
passes over the first rib to become…
Axillary artery
at the lower border of teres major becomes the…
Brachial artery
Gives off a large branch in the arm – profunda brachii
Divides as the level of the elbow into…
Ulnar and Radial arteries
79
Q

Arterial supply to the shoulder joint

A

Anastamosis between branches of thyrocervical trunk, thoraco-acromial artery, subscpaular artery and posterior and anterior humeral artery

80
Q

Outline the veins of the arm and shoulder

A

Cephalic vein (superficial) runs up lateral border of arm
Basilic vein (superficial) runs up the medial border of arm
Basilic veins joins venae comitantes to form the axillary vein in the arm
Cephalic vein joins axillary vein in the axilla
Axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein at the level of the first rib

81
Q

What do the lymphatic vssels run with

A

Veins

82
Q

Outline important lymph areas

A 
Cubital lymph nodes
Delto-pectoral lymph nodes
Axillary lymph nodes – important!
Subclavian lymph trunk
Long thoracic nerve and thoraco-dorsal nerve!
83
Q

State the categorisation f the brachial plexus

A 
Roots (from anterior rami) 
Trunks 
Divisions 
Cords 
Terminal branches (peripheral nerves)
84
Q

State the roots making up the brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

85
Q

How many trunks in brachial plexus

A

3

86
Q 
What roots do the following nerves receive innervation from: 
Axillary nerve 
Musculocutaneous nerve
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
Radial nerve
A 
Axillary nerve (C56)
Musculocutaneous nerve (C567)
Ulnar nerve (C8T1)
Median nerve (C678T1)
Radial nerve (C5678T1)
87
Q

What attaches at the:
infraglenoid tubercle
supraglenoid tubercle

A

infra- long head of the triceps

supra- long head of the biceps

AoL (9 decks)

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