Shoulder Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle usually used to test function of axillary nerve

A

Deltoid

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2
Q

Weakness of this muscle results in lateral scapular winging

A

Trapezius

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3
Q

Weakness of this muscle results in medial scapular winging

A

Serratus anterior

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4
Q

Groove between the greater and lesser tuberosity of humerus

A

Bicipital groove

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5
Q

Anatomic neck fractures are at high risk for?

A

Osteonecrosis

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6
Q

Muscles that insert into greater tuberosity

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor

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7
Q

Muscle that insert into lesser tuberosity

A

Subscapularis

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8
Q

Bone that serves as the only link from the upper extremity and axial skeleton

A

Clavicle

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9
Q

Most commonly fractured bone in the body

A

Clavicle (particularly middle 1/3)

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10
Q

First bone in the body to ossify and last to fuse (early 20s)

A

Clavicle

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11
Q

Most common type of glenohumeral dislocation

A

Anterior dislocation (>90%)

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12
Q

Joint with the most range of motion in the body

A

Shoulder

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13
Q

Muscle weakness elicited in empty can test

A

Supraspinatus

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14
Q

Muscles that originate and insert in coracoid process

A

Originate: Biceps (short head), coracobrachialis; Insert: Pectoralis minor

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15
Q

Muscles that insert in proximal humerus

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres major

PLT sandwich
Proximal humerus

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16
Q

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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17
Q

Borders of the triangular space of the shoulder

A

TTT for Triangular Space

Teres minor
Teres major
Triceps (long head)

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18
Q

Content of triangular space of shoulder

A

Circumflex scapular artery

19
Q

Borders of quadrangular space of shoulder

A

Teres minor
Teres major
Humerus (medial border)
Triceps (long head)

20
Q

Contents of quadrangular space of the shoulder

A

Axillary nerve
Humeral artery
Posterior circumflex artery

21
Q

Borders of triangular interval of the shoulder

A

Long head of triceps
Lateral head of triceps
Teres major

22
Q

Contents of triangular interval of shoulder

A

Radial nerve

Deep brachial artery of arm

23
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

24
Q

Muscles supplied by spinal accessory nerve

A

Trapezius

SCM

25
Q

Composition of brachial plexus

A

RoTonDa in the CT
Root - Trunk - Division - Cord - Terminal Branches

5 roots (ventral rami of spinal nerves)
3 trunks
3 anterior divisions/3 posterior divisions
3 cords
Terminal branches
26
Q

Nerves of the lateral cord of brachial plexus

A

Lateral pectoral, lateral root to median nerve

27
Q

Nerves of the medial cord of brachial plexus

A

medial pectoral

medial root to median nerve

28
Q

Nerves of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A

upper subscapular, thoracodorsal, lower subscapular, axillary

29
Q

Continuation of subclavian artery after the first rib

A

Axillary artery

30
Q

Boundary when axillary artery becomes brachial artery

A

Lower border of teres major muscle

31
Q

Branches of axillary artery

A

I (1 branch), II (2 branches), III (3 branches)

I. Proximal to pectoralis minor: Superior thoracic artery
II. Behind the pectoralis minor: Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic
III. Distal to pectoralis minor: Subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral

32
Q

Compression of neurovascular structure (artery, vein, brachial plexus) in the neck by the first rib and scalene muscles

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

33
Q

Small (hypoplastic), undescended scapula; omovertebral bone connects C-spine (spinous process) to scapula

A

Sprengel’s deformity

34
Q

Injury caused by violent stretch between the hand and shoulder (adduction traction of the arm and hyperextension of the neck)

A

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

35
Q

Clinical signs of Erb-Duchenne palsy

A

Pronated and medially rotated arm - waiter’s tip hand, due to weakness of biceps brachii (supinator) and infaspinatus (lateral rotator of arm)

can also involve ipsilateral paralysis of diaphragm

36
Q

Injury caused by sudden upward pull of the arm, injury C8 and T1

A

Klumpke palsy

37
Q

Innervation of the rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus - suprascapular n
Infraspinatus - suprascapular n
Teres minor - axillary n
Subscapularis - subscapular n

38
Q

Cortical depression in the posterolateral head of the humerus, resulting from forceful impaction of the humeral head against the anteroinferior glenoid rim when the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly

A

Hill-Sachs lesion

39
Q

Grading of shoulder separation in acromioclavicular subluxation

A

Grade 1 - no torn ligament (minor sprain)
Grade 2 - torn acromioclavicular ligament
Grade 3 - torn coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligament

40
Q

Joint at which actions of pronation and supination of the forearm occur

A

Radioulnar joint

41
Q

Avulsion of the medial epicondyle by violent or multiple contractions of the flexor forearm muscles (e.g. strenuous or repeated throwing of a ball)

A

Little leaguer’s elbow

42
Q

Nerve involved in Saturday night palsy

A

Radial nerve

43
Q

Syndrome patients with cervical rib are at risk of, especially if they have hyperextension-flexion or whiplash injury

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome