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PLE Anatomy > Knee and Leg Anatomy > Flashcards

Knee and Leg Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Inferior to this groove in the lateral condyle is its weight bearing portion

A

Sulcus terminale

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2
Q

Largest sesamoid bone in the body

A

patella

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3
Q

Failure of superolateral portion to fuse, often confused with a fracture

A

bipartite patella

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4
Q

Bone with the thickest articular cartilage (up to 5 mm)

A

Patella

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5
Q

Traction apophysitis at open tibial tubercle apophysis

A

Osgood-Schlatter

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6
Q

Insertion site of the band of iliotibial tract

A

Gerdy’s tubercle

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7
Q

Nerve that can be injured in fibular fractures

A

Peroneal nerve

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8
Q

Compartment pressure diagnostic of compartment pressures

A

Absolute: >30-40 mmHg

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9
Q

Fracture characterized by complete disruption of tibiofibular syndesmosis with diastasis caused by external rotation of the talus and transmission of force to proximal fibula, resulting in high fracture of fibula

A

Maisonneuve fracture

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10
Q

3 articulations in the knee

A

Medial and lateral femorotibial joints, patellofemoral joint

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11
Q

What type of joint is femorotibial joint

A

Condyloid (hinge) joint

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12
Q

What type of joint is patellofemoral joint

A

Sellar (gliding) joint

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13
Q

Three compartments of the knee

A

Medial
Lateral
Patellofemoral

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14
Q

Static stabilizers of the medial knee

A

Superficial and deep medial collateral ligaments

Posterior oblique ligament

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15
Q

Dynamic stabilizers of the lateral knee

A

Semimebranosus, vastus medials, medial gastrocnemius, PES tendons

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16
Q

Static stabilizers of the lateral knee

A

Lateral collateral ligament, iliotibial band, arcuate ligament

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17
Q

Dynamic stabilizers of the lateral knee

A

popliteus, biceps femoris, lateral gastrocnemius

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18
Q

Primary movements of the knee

A

Extension and flexion

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19
Q

Structure that can become fibrotic or impinged on, causing knee pain in Hoffa syndrome

A

Infrapatellar fat pad

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20
Q

Anterior structures of femorotibial joint

A

Anterior cruciate ligament
Transverse meniscal segment
Ligamentum mucosum
Infrapatellar fat pad

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21
Q

Posterior structures of the femorotibial joint

A

Posterior cruciate ligament
Meniscofemoral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament

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22
Q

Lateral and posterolateral structures of the femorotibial joint

A 
Layer I (Superficial) - iliotibial band, biceps femoris
Layer II (Middle) - lateral patellofemoral ligament, lateral patellar retinaculum
Layer III (Deep) - lateral collateral ligament, fabellofibular ligament, popliteus muscle and tendon, popliteofibular ligament, capsule, arcuate ligament
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23
Q

Ligament of the knee that serves as the primary restraint to varus stress

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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24
Q

Artery that passes between the superficial and deep lamina of the third layer of the posterolateral corner

A

inferior lateral geniculate artery

25
Q

Medial structures of the femorotibial joint

A 
Layer I (Superficial): sartorius, fascia
Layer II (Middle): Superficial medial collateral, posterior oblique ligament, medial patellofemoral ligament, medial patellar retinaculum, semimembranosus
Layer III (Deep):
Deep Medial collateral, capsule
26
Q

Primary restraint of the knee to valgus force

A

Superficial medial collateral ligament

27
Q

Dominant type of collagen in meniscus of the knee

A

Type I collagen

28
Q

Enumerate the microscopic characteristics of the three layers of meniscus

A

Superficial layer - finely woven collagen fiber
Surface layer - randomly oriented fibers
Middle (deepest layer) - circumferential, radial fibers

29
Q

Will tears 2 mm from the capsular junction of the knee heal?

A

Yes.
Red zone: <3 mm from CJ (most tears will heal)
Red/white zone: 3-5 mm (some will heal)
White zone: >5 mm from CJ (most will not heal)

30
Q

Meniscus of the knee that is C-shaped, less mobile

A

Medial meniscus

31
Q

Meniscus of the knee that is round shaped, more mobile

A

Lateral meniscus

32
Q

Source of nutrition of the central avascular 2/3 of the menisci

A

Synovial fluid

33
Q

Primary function of patellofemoral joint

A

Extension of the knee

34
Q

Structures that comprise the patellofemoral joint

A

Quadriceps tendon, patellar tendon, patellofemoral ligaments, patellotibial, patellomeniscal, patellar retinaculum

35
Q

Primary stabilizer of patella

A

patellofemoral ligament

36
Q

Dynamic stabilizers of the patellofemoral joint

A

Quadriceps femoris, adductor magnus, ITB, vastus medialis and lateralis

37
Q

Which is stronger, anterior OR posterior tibiofibular ligament?

A

Anterior tibiofibular ligament

38
Q

Most sensitive test for ACL tear

A

Lachman test - flex knee 20-30 degrees, then exert anterior force on tibia. Laxity indicates ACL injury

39
Q

Contents of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

deep peroneal nerve
anterior tibial artery and vein
Tibialis anterior, Extensor Hallucis Longus,
Extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius

Mnemonic (magjowa)
DaPAT Every Hour Landi, Every Day Lambing, Parating Terno, Together Always,

40
Q

Contents of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Superficial peroneal nerve
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis

Mnemonic (kabit)
Super Pretty
Pero Longing sa Partner ng iBa

41
Q

Contents of the superficial posterior compartment

A

Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris

Mnemonic (Superficial fling)
Sobrang Gastos magPlay

42
Q

Contents of the deep posterior compartment of the leg

A 
Posterior tibialis
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Popliteus
Tibial nerve

Posterior tibial artery and vein
peroneal artery and vein

Mnemonic (Deep relationship - wedding level)
Muscles:
Flex ang Hand, Flex ang Digits, Post ng Post ng Prenup
Wala na ako maisip haha

43
Q

Septum dissected in anterolateral approach fasciotomy

A

Intermuscular septum between anterior and lateral compartment

44
Q

Septum dissected in medial approach in fasciotomy

A

Intermuscular septum between the superficial and deep posterior compartments

45
Q

Insertion of all the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg

A

Calcaneus

46
Q

Components of sural nerve

A 
Medial sural (tibial nerve)
Lateral sural (peroneal nerve)
47
Q

Artery that supplies the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Peroneal artery

48
Q

Compartment of the knee most commonly involved in osteoarthritis

A

Medial compartment

49
Q

Softening or wear and tear of the articular cartilage of the patella

A

Chondoromalacia patellae

50
Q

Structure in contact with the iliotibial tract in ITB syndrome
Common with runners and cyclists

A

Iliotibial band syndrome

51
Q

Inflammation of the prepatellar bursa due to trauma or overuse (i.e. prolonged kneeling)

A

Housemaid’s knee

52
Q

Terrible triad in injury of the knee

A

Meniscal tear, ACL rupture, MCL rupture

53
Q

Most common knee tumor in adolescents

A

osteosarcoma

54
Q

Most common knee tumor in adults

A

chondrosarcoma

55
Q

Most common benign knee tumor in young adults

A

giant cell tumor

56
Q

Age at which genu varum is physiologic

A

Ages 0-2

57
Q

Age at which genu valgum is physiologic

A

Ages 2-5

58
Q

Pathologic genu varum

A

Blount’s disease

PLE Anatomy (8 decks)

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