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PLE Anatomy > Arm Anatomy > Flashcards

Arm Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Proximal tip of the ulna

A

Olecranon

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2
Q

Proximal end of the radius

A

Radial head

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3
Q

Relationship of ulnar nerve with radius

A

Ulnar nerve runs posterior to the medial epicondyle

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4
Q

Relationship of radial nerve with radius

A

Radial nerve runs along the radial groove, can be entrapped in distal 1/3 of humeral shaft fracture

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5
Q

Portion of the radial head that is most susceptible to fracture due to paucity of subchondral bone content

A

Anterolateral portion of radius head

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6
Q

Muscles that insert in radial and ulnar tuberosities

A

Radial tuberosity: Biceps

Ulnar tuberosity: brachialis

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7
Q

Eponym to an injury caused by radial head subluxation, usually due to a strong pull on the hand by an adult

A

Nursemaid’s elbow

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8
Q

Borders of cubital tunnel

A 
Roof: Arcuate (Osborne's) ligament
Floor: medial collateral ligament
Posterior: Medial head of triceps
Anterior: Medial epicondyle
Lateral: olecranon
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9
Q

Content of cubital tunnel

A

Ulnar nerve

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10
Q

A fibrous band running from an anomalous supracondylar process to medial epicondyles, can compress median nerve proximally

A

Ligament of Struthers

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11
Q

Structures that can be compressed by recurrent radial artery (leash of Henry)

A

Radial nerve (posterior interosseus nerve)

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12
Q

Components of the conjoined tendon

A

Coracobrachialis, short head of the biceps

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13
Q

Insertion of triceps brachii

A

Olecranon of ulna

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14
Q

Muscle that forms the border of quadrangular space, triangular space, and triangular interval

A

Long head of triceps brachii

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15
Q

Nerve that pierces corachobrachialis, then goes between biceps and brachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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16
Q

Nerve that starts medial in the proximal humerus, then spirals posteriorly and laterally around the humerus, and emerges between the brachioradialis and brachialis muscles in the distal lateral arm

A

Radial nerve

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17
Q

Nerve that runs along with brachial artery, initially lateral to it but crosses over to become more medial

A

Median nerve

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18
Q

Contents of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

Muscles: biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
Nerves: Musculocutaneous, median nerve (Ms are constant), radial nerve (distally)
Vessel: brachial artery

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19
Q

Contents of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Muscles: triceps trachii
Nerves: Radius (mid arm)
Ulnar nerve (distally)
Vessels: Radial recurrent arteries

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20
Q

Median nerve enters forearm under what structure?

A

Biceps aponeurosis (lacertus fibrosus)

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21
Q

Branch of brachial artery that runs with the radial nerve

A

Deep (profunda brachii) artery

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22
Q

Used as vascular pedicle in lateral arm flap

A

Posterior (middle) radial collateral - branch of deep artery of the brachial artery

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23
Q

Branches of the ulnar artery that run along the intermuscular septum

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous

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24
Q

Muscle of the arm that has a split innervation, hence can be used for internervous plane in ORIF of fractures

A

Brachialis (medial supplied by musculocutaneous and lateral supplied by radial nerve)

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25
Q

Tubercle on dorsal radius where EPL tendon runs around it

A

Lister’s tubercle

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26
Q

Proximal row bones of the hand

A

Scared lovers try positions

Scaphoid (located in the anatomic snuffbox)
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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27
Q

Distal row bones of the hand

A

… that they cannot handle

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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28
Q

Most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

Scaphoid

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29
Q

Largest carpal bone

A

Capitate

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30
Q

First carpal bone to ossify

A

Capitate (ossification proceeds in a counter clockwise direction given an anatomic position starting with capitate)

31
Q

Proximal ulnar fracture (usually with anterior angulation), + radial head anterior dislocation

A

Monteggia Fracture

32
Q

Fracture of the arm commonly due to fall on outstretched hand, characterized by fracture of the distal 1/3 of the radial shaft and radioulnar dislocation

A

Galeazzi Fracture

33
Q

Carpal bones without any muscle attachment, considered “intercalated segment”

A

Proximal row carpal bones (SLTP)

34
Q

Broad term for ligaments that connect carpal bones within the same row

A

Interosseous ligament

35
Q

Weak spot in the volar aspect of the hand where perilunate dislocations occur

A

Space of Poirier

36
Q

Joint stabilized by the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

A

Distal Radioulnar Joint

37
Q

Components of triangular fibrocartilage complex

A

Central (articular disc)
Dorsal radioulnar
Palmar radioulnar

38
Q

Ligament incised for carpal tunnel release

A

Transverse carpal ligament

39
Q

Narrowest portion of the carpal tunnel

A

Hook of hamate

40
Q

Borders of the carpal tunnel

A

Roof: transverse carpal ligament
Floor: Carpal bones, especially capitate and trapezoid
Medial: Pisiform, hamate
Lateral: Scaphoid, trapezium

41
Q

Contents of the carpal tunnel

A

Median nerve

9 tendons: 4 FDS, 4 FDP, FPL

42
Q

Borders of ulnar tunnel (Guyon canal)

A

Floor: Transverse carpal ligament, Roof: Volar carpal ligament
Medial: Pisiform
Lateral: Hook of hamate

43
Q

Contents of ulnar tunnel

A

Ulnar nerve, ulnar artery

44
Q

Most common cause of compression of structures within Guyon canal

A

ganglion cysts

45
Q

Extensor compartments of distal portion of forearm

A

I: “pollicis” - extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
II: “carpi radialis”
extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus
III: extensor pollicis longus
IV: Extensor digitorum and extensor indicis
V: Extensor digiti minimi
VI: Extensor carpi ulnaris

46
Q

Structures affected by de Quervain’s tenosynovitis

A

Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis (APL and EPB)

47
Q

Muscle of the forearm used for tendon transfers, 10% are congenitally absent

A

Palmaris longus

48
Q

Most powerful wrist flexor

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

49
Q

Superficial flexors of the wrist

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis

50
Q

Avulsion causes Jersey finger

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

51
Q

Primary pronator of the forearm

A

Pronator quadratus

52
Q

Deep flexors of the forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

53
Q

Innervation of all deep flexors of the forearm

A

Anterior interosseous artery of the ulnar artery

54
Q

Superficial extensors of the wrist

A

Anconeus, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris

55
Q

Muscle that degenerates in tennis elbow

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

56
Q

Deep extensors of the wrist

A

Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis proprius

57
Q

Test where both radial and ulnar arteries are occluded at the wrist, then release one artery to determine hand perfusion

A

Allen test

58
Q

Test for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis

A

Finkelstein’s Test

59
Q

Most common site of ganglion cyst

A

Dorsal wrist

60
Q

Atrophy of the hypothenar eminence may suggest compression of which nerve

A

ulnar

61
Q

Atrophy of the thenar eminence may suggest compression of which nerve

A

median

62
Q

Number of phalanges of the thumb

A

2

63
Q

Most commonly fractured metacarpal bone

A

5th metacarpals (boxer fracture) - usually a fall or punching mechanism

64
Q

Eponym for jammed finger leading to extensor digitorum avulsion

A

Mallet finger

65
Q

Branch of brachial artery that may be damaged with the radial nerve at midshaft fracture of the humerus

A

Deep brachial artery

66
Q

Branch of radial artery that divides into two proper digital arteries for each side of the thumb

A

Princeps pollicis artery

67
Q

Syndrome referring to retrograde flow in the vertebral artery due to ipsilateral subclavian artery stenosis

A

Subclavian steal syndrome

68
Q

Artery used for percutaneous arterial catheterization if femoral artery is unavailable

A

Brachial artery (preferably the left, since it allows access to the descending aorta without crossing the right brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid arteries)

69
Q

Most commonly used artery and vein as access for chronic hemodialysis

A

Radial artery and cephalic vein, establishing an AV fistula between the 2 vessels

70
Q

Vein that connects cephalic vein to the basilic vein over the cubital fossa

A

Median cubital vein

71
Q

Classic finding in radial nerve injury

A

Wrist drop

72
Q

Classic finding of median nerve injury at elbow

A

Benediction hand

73
Q

Classic finding of ulnar nerve injury at elbow

A

Claw hand

74
Q

Contracture of the forearm muscles commonly due to supracondylar fracture where brachial artery goes into spasm, thereby reducing blood flow

A

Volkmann ischemic contracture

PLE Anatomy (8 decks)

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