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MSK > Shoulder Anatomy > Flashcards

Shoulder Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the shoulder?

A
  • ball and socket joint that moves in all 3 planes

- most mobile and least stable joint

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2
Q

the shoulder is made up of 3 bones, what are they?

A
  1. scapula
  2. humerus
  3. clavicle
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3
Q

what is the scapula?

A
  • large flat bone
  • sits between the humerus and clavicle
  • responsible for stabilizing the upper arm bone
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4
Q

what is the humerus?

A
  • bone of upper arm

- top of humerus is rounded and fits into the shallow socket of the scapula

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5
Q

the top of the humerus is rounded and fits into the shallow socket of the scapula, this is called the?

A

genoid cavity

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6
Q

what is the clavicle?

A
  • long, thin bone located between the shoulder and top of the ribcage
  • helps support and keep the arm in place when away from the body
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7
Q

what is the glenoid labrum?

A
  • fibrocartilage ring attached to the rim of the glenoid fossa, which deepens the cavity
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8
Q

function of the glenoid labrum?

A
  • keep the head of the humerus in place

- ensure smooth movement of the ball-and- socket joint

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9
Q

scapula land mark?

A
  • glenoid labrum
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10
Q

surgical neck of the humerus?

A
  • where the head meets the body
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11
Q

anatomical neck of the humerus?

A
  • where the head meets the tubercles
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12
Q

what is the greater tubercle/tuberosity?

A
  • large projection lateral to the head
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13
Q

what muscles attach to the greater tubercle? (3)

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
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14
Q

what is the lesser tubercle?

A
  • smaller projection on the anterior surface
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15
Q

what muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle?

A
  • subscapularis
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16
Q

what is the deltoid tuberosity?

A
  • lateral side
  • near midpint
  • deltoid attaches here
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17
Q

what is the bicipital groove?

  • location
  • what does it contain
A
  • groove between the tubercles

- contains the long head of the biceps tendon

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18
Q

what is the subacromial space?

A
  • space bewteen the head of the humerus and acromion process of the scapula where soft tissues of the shoulder can be compressed
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19
Q

what 4 things are in the subacromial space?

A
  • supraspinatus tendon
  • long head biceps tendon
  • subacromial bursa
  • superior border of capsule
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20
Q

biceps bracii: origin, insertion, and action?

A

origin: scapula
insertion: radius

Action: flexes and supinates forearm at elbow

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20
Q

biceps bracii: origin, insertion, and action?

A

origin: scapula
insertion: radius

Action: flexes and supinates forearm at elbow

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21
Q

tricep brachii: orgin, action, and insertion?

A

origin: scapula and humerus
action: elbow extension and shoulder extension
insertion: ulna

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22
Q

anterior deltoid origin, insertion, action?

A

origin: front and top of lateral 3rd of clavicle
insertion: deltoid tuberosity on outer surface of humeral shaft
action: forward flexes and internally rotates humerus

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23
Q

lateral deltoid: origin, insertion, action?

A

O: Lateral border of acromion process of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity on outer surface of humeral shaft

A: abducts humerus following initiation of movement by supraspinatus muscle of rotator cuff

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24
Q

posterior deltoid: origin, insertion, action?

A

O: spine of scpula

I: deltoid tuberosity on outer surface of humeral shaft

A: extends and externally rotates humerus

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25
Q

what is the pectoralis major? where does it originate? where does it insert?

A
  • chest muscle
  • originates along the sternum and clavicle
  • inserts on the humerus
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26
Q

function of the pectoralis major? (3)

A
  • adduct
  • flex
  • medially rotate the arm
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27
Q

what is the trapezius? Where does it originate?

A
  • large, triangular muscle

- starts at base of skull, runs out to tip of shoulder and down to the 12th thoracic vertebrae

28
Q

function of trapezius?

A
  • shrug and square shoulders
29
Q

whats are rhomboids?

A

0 group of 2 muscles that run diagonally from the spine to the medial border of the scapula

30
Q

rhomboids function?

A
  • retract the scapula
31
Q

what is the latissimus dorsi?

A
  • “lats”
  • gives wing like apperance to sides
  • starts along the thoracic vertebrae of back and inserts on the anterior aspect of humerus
32
Q

function of latissimus dorsi? (3)

A
  • extend
  • addect
  • medially rotate arm
33
Q

whats the teres major?

A
  • little helper of lats

- runs from axillary boarder of the scapula to the lesser tubercle of the humerus

34
Q

Coracobrachialis location?

A

attaches to the coracoid process and the arm or brachium

35
Q

Coracobrachialis function?

A
  • stabalizes humerus in the fossa
36
Q

what is the most frequently injured group of muscles and tendons within the shoulder?

A
  • rotator cuff
37
Q

where does the rotator cuff originate?

A
  • at the scapula and attaches to the head of the humerus
38
Q

rotator cuff function?

A
  • stabilizes the glenohumeral joint by hugging the rounded humeral head to the concave glenoid cavity
39
Q

the roator cuff consists of how may muscles?

A

4 muscles and their tendons

40
Q

The four rotator cuff muscles cover what?

A

the humeral head and hold the head against the glenoid fossa

41
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A
  1. supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
42
Q

what is the supraspinatus muscle? location and function?

A
  • anterior superior shoulder
  • superior to the spine of the scapula

function: abduction

43
Q

infraspinatus location and function?

A
  • posterior inferior shoulder
  • inferior to the spine of the scapula

function: external rotation

44
Q

teres minor location and function?

A
  • posterior shoulder

function: adduction

45
Q

subscapularic location and function?

A
  • anterior shoulder

function: internal rotation

46
Q

glenohumeral joint?

  • static stabilizers
  • dynamic stabilizers
A
  • shallow

static stabilizers: glenohumeral ligaments, glenoid lebrum, and capsule

dynamic stabilizers: rotaor cuff muscles

47
Q

scapular stabilizers? (4)

A
  • trapezius
  • leavator scapulae
  • serratus anterior
  • rhomboids
48
Q

3 ligaments of the shoulder?

A
  1. glenohumeral lig.
  2. coracohumeral lig.
  3. transverse humeral lig.
49
Q

Glenohumeral ligaments function ?

A
  • 3 ligemets that reunforce the front of the shoulder’s henohumeral joint
50
Q

glenohumeral ligament location?

A
  • spans from the edge of the glenoid cavity to the neck of the humerus
51
Q

coracohumeral ligament function?

A
  • strong and broad banf

- strengthens the upper aspect of the bicep brachii muscle

52
Q

transverse humeral ligament location?

A
  • attaches to 2 different points at the top of the humerus

- creates an arched tunnel for the bicep tendon to pass under

53
Q

what is a bursa?

A
  • small, fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between bone and soft tissue
54
Q

2 primary bursae in the shoulder?

A
  1. subscapular bursa

2. subacromial bursa

55
Q

subscapular bursa location?

A
  • located between the glenohumeral joint and the subscapularis muscle
56
Q

subacromial bura location?

A
  • located directly under the acromion on top of the scapula
57
Q

subacromial bura function?

A
  • helps rotator cuff funtion

- most susceptible to injury and is often the cause of shoulder impingement

58
Q

functions or articular cartilage in the shoulder?

A
  • allows 2 bones to move or glide against each other

- cushions bones- acts as shock absorber

59
Q

articular cartilage is often thinner in the shoulder than it is in weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and hips T or F?

A

True

60
Q

what is osteoarthritis?

A
  • damage and loss of articular cartilage
61
Q

in the shoulder where is osteoarthritis most common?

A
  • glenohumeral joint and scromioclavicular joint are susceptible to this
62
Q

in the shoulder where is osteoarthritis most common?

A
  • glenohumeral joint and scromioclavicular joint are susceptible to this
63
Q

GH movements that sacifices stability for mobility? (6)

A 
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Internal Rotation
External Rotation
64
Q

primary muscle for abduction?

A

deltoid

65
Q

primary muscles for adduction? (2)

A
  • pectoralis major

- latissimus dorsi

66
Q

primary muscles for flextion? (2)

A
  • pec major

- anterior fibers of the deltoid

67
Q

primary muscles for extension? (2)

A
  • latissimus dorsi

- teres major

68
Q

primary muscles for internal rotation? (3)

A
  • subscapularis
  • latissimus dorsi
  • pec major

MSK (8 decks)

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