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MSK > hand and wrist anatomy > Flashcards

hand and wrist anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

how many phalanges are in the hand?

A

14 phalanges

- 2 seamoid bones (tumb)

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2
Q

how many metacarpals are their?

A

5

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3
Q

how many carpal bones are in the hand/wrist?

A

8

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4
Q

what is the distal radius?

A
  • forms small ulnar notch to acceps the ulnar head

- radial styloid process

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5
Q

what is the distal ulna?

A
  • ulnar styloid process arises from madial surface

- ulnear head

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6
Q

What are the carpal bones?

A
  • “Stop letting those people touch the cadaver’s hand”

- ScaphoidLunate Triquetrum Pisiform, Trapezium Trapezoid Capitata Hamate

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7
Q

3 main muscle groupd in the hand and wrist?

A
  • flexor group on anterior side
  • rotators on anterior side
  • extensor on posterior side
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8
Q

Wrist and hand muscle flexors? Originates?

A
  • anterior/ palmer/ volar

- originate at medial epicondyle of elbow or proximal ulna and insert at hand

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9
Q

flexors at the wrist and hand include? (5)

A
  • flexor carpi radialis- flex
  • flexor carpi ulnas- flex and adduct wrist
  • palmaris longus- flexion
  • flexor digitorum profundus- flex distal finger joints
  • flexor digitorum superficialis- flex fingers
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10
Q

extensor location and function?

A
  • dorsal and posterior

- extend from lateral epicondyle of elbow and insert at the hand

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11
Q

the extensor of the wrist and hand muscles include? (4)

A
  • extensor carpi radialis longus- extend and abduct
  • external carpi radialis brevis- extend and abduct
  • external carpi ilnaris- extend and adduct
  • external digitorum- extend fingers
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12
Q

deep extensors function and originate?

A
  • act on the thumb

- originate at ulna and radius and interosseous membrane

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13
Q

deep extendors include? (3)

A
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis- extend prox phalanx thumb
  • extensor pollicis longus- extend distal phalax
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14
Q

dorsal aspect of wrist contents?

A
  • extensor tendons

- ganglia- assess scapholunate ligament

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15
Q

dorsal aspect of wrist 3 standard views?

A
  • extensor compartments 3-6
  • extensor compartments 1-2
  • scapholunate ligament
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16
Q

scapho lunate ligament distal to?

A
  • listers tubercle
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17
Q

lister’s tubercle on dorsal radius separates?

A

compartment 2 and 3

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18
Q

whats the triangular fibrocartilage complex?

A

provides cushioning for movement of radiocarpal and ulnar joint spaces

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19
Q

triangular fibrocartilage complex?

A
  • provides cushioning for movement of radiocarpal and ulnar joint spaces
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20
Q

longitudinal flexor and extensor tendons of the hand protocol?

A
  • assessment of tendons- especially flexors
  • assessment of metacarpal phalangeal and interphalangeal joints
  • use real-time examination during flexion and extension of the fingers
21
Q

FDP tendon inserts into?

A

the base of the distal phalanx

22
Q

FSD tendon inters into?

A

middle phalanx

23
Q

what the snuff box?

A
  • gap between extensors of tumb
  • compartment 1 lies anteriorl y
  • compartment 3 lies posteriorly
  • radial atery lies in the floor
  • radial styloid process is proximal
  • base of 1st metacarpal is distal
  • scaphoid and trapezium at floor
24
Q

where is snuff box best appreciated during extension and abduction?

A

the fossa is best appreciated during extension and abduction of the thumb

25
Q

rotators are responsible for?

A
  • rotating the arm at the radioulnar joint
26
Q

pronator quadratus?

A
  • distal ulna and distal radius
  • rotates arm medially
  • pronate hand
27
Q

tendon pulleys?

A
  • fibrous sheaths that maintain the flexor tendons in place
  • prevent bowstringing during flexion of the finger
  • anular and cruciform parts
28
Q

tendon pulleys sono appearance?

A
  • thin hyporeflective band at the anterior margin of the flexor tendons
29
Q

A2 pulley?

A

proximal phalanx pulley

30
Q

A4 pulley?

A

middle phalanx pulley

31
Q

function of pulleys?

A

tendons that run down our fingers are held in place by a series of ligaments called pulleys

  • arch over the tendons forming a “tunnel-like” sheath
32
Q

tendons =

A

stabilizers

33
Q

what holds the tendons in place on the bones?

A
  • ligaments in a tunnel- like arrangement hold the tendons in place on the bones
34
Q

what is tenosynovium?

A

slippery coating, called tenosynovium, surrounds the tendons and keeps the tendons moving smoothly under the ligaments when the hand grasps objects.

35
Q

annular pulleys (A1-A5)?

A

prevent palmar tendon dislocation and allow optimal function

36
Q

what pulleys are generally not well demonstrated by ultrasound?

A
  • cruciform pulleys
37
Q

where are collateral ligaments found?

A
  • on each side of each joint on the fingers and thumb
38
Q

role of collateral ligaments?

A
  • precent abnormal sideways bending
39
Q

flexor tendon?

A
  • flexor aspect at metacarpo-phalangeal joint
40
Q

extensor tendon?

A

MCPJ with extension and flexion

41
Q

interphalangeal joint?

A
  • long axis view of 2nd prox interphalangeal joint, flexor aspect
  • small quanitiy of fluid is normal
42
Q

median nerve?

A

can be seen in carpal tunnel and in cubital fossa of elbow

43
Q

ulnar nerve?

A
  • can be seen medially in the wrist and posteriorly in the elbow
44
Q

radial nerve?

A
  • can be seen (with difficulty) postero-laterally in wrist and antero-laterally in elbow
45
Q

contents of the guyon tunnel?

A
  • ulnar nerve

- ulnar artery

46
Q

borders of guyon tunnel?

A
  • TRV carpal lig./ flexor retinaculum: posterior
  • superficial palmar lig.: anterior
  • pisiform and hamate mediallu
47
Q

communicaition exists between the brances of the median nerve and ulnar nerve T or F

A

T

48
Q

radial nerve?

A
  • radial aspect of the wrist

- crosses the 1st extendor compartment to reach the dorsal wrist

49
Q

radial nerve?

A
  • radial aspect of the wrist

- crosses the 1st extendor compartment to reach the dorsal wrist

MSK (8 decks)

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