Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 MSK > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the shoulder?

A

Ball and socket synovial joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What forms the glenohumeral joint?

A

Head of the humerus and scapular glenoid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff?

A

As the joint has very little inherent anatomy its reliant on active support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraaspinatus
Infraspinatous
Subscapularis
Teres minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What muscles of the rotator cuff attach to the greater tuberosity?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the Supraspinatus?

A

Initiates abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the Teres minor and infraspinatous?

A

External rotators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the Subscapularis attach too?

A

Lesser tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the supscapularis?

A

Internal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In young what is usual issue in the shoulder?

A

Instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In middle age what is the usual shoulder issue?

A

Rotator cuff tears

Frozen shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In old age what is the usual shoulder issue?

A

Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in impingement syndrome?

A

Tendons of the rotator cuff are compressed in the supacromial space during movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In what phase of movement is there pain?

A

60 to 120 degrees of abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What tendon is usually involved in impingement syndrome?

A

Supraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List some causes of impingement syndrome

A

Tendonitis/Subacromial bursitis
Acromioclavicular OA with inferior osteophytes
Hooked acromium rotator cuff tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does pain radiate to in impingement syndrome?

A

deltoids and upper arm

Tenderness below lateral edge of the acromium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What X ray signs should be looked for in impingement syndrome?

A

Sclerosis under acromium
Calcificaton above greater trochanter
Spurring/uneven surface on the underside of the acromium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Non surgical management of impingement sydrome

A

Analgesics
NSAIDs
Physiotherapy
Subacromial steroid injections up to 3x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Surgical intervention

A

Subacromial decompression surgery

Open or athroscopically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How long is rehab following subacromial decompression?

A

Several weeks sling and physiotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acute rotator cuff tear

A

Usually traumatic, younger patients.

>40 still

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chronic rotator cuff tear

A

Degenerative are usually asymptomatic and in older patients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the most common muscle to be torn ?

A

Supraspinatous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is key in acute tears?

A

Early diagnosis and treatment.

26
Q

What happens if there is a delay in diagnosing an acute cuff tear?

A

Wasting fibrosis and fat infiltration of the muscle all of which make treatment more difficult.

27
Q

If a large tear is present which muscles can be affected aswell?

A

Subscapularis and infraspinatus

28
Q

What are the clinical signs of a rotator cuff tear?

A

Pain and weakness

29
Q

If weakness was found in abduction what muscle was likely torn?

A

Supraspinatus

30
Q

If weakness was found in internal rotation what muscle was likely damaged?

A

Subscapularis

31
Q

If weakness was found in external rotation what muscle was likely damaged?

A

Infraspinatus

32
Q

What imaging is used to diagnose a cuff tear but what is the issue with these methods?

A

MRI or Ultrasound

Dependant on mobilising the shoulder

33
Q

What are the issues surrounding treatment of a rotator cuff tear.

A

Surgery has a high re-tear rate 1/3 within a year.

Often muscle is so diseased or retracted too far.

34
Q

What are the benefits of a successful surgical tear repair?

A

It will aid and maintain strength.

Help prevent subsequent OA of the joint.

35
Q

Non surgical treatment of a rotator cuff tear.

A

Physiotherapy to strengthen up remaining muscles to compensate.

36
Q

Adhesive Capsulitis

A

Progressive pain and stiffness in the shoulder in patients between 40-60 resolving after 18 months

37
Q

What is pathology of frozen shoulder?

A

Thickening and fibrosis off the coracohumeral ligament.

38
Q

What is the initial presenting complaint?

A

Pain which subsides

2-9 months

39
Q

In frozen shoulder what follows the pain?

A

Increasing stiffness 4-12 months

40
Q

What follows the stiffness?

A

Gradual resolution of symptoms may be some refractive stiffness.

41
Q

Clinical signs of frozen shoulder.

A

Lack of passive external rotation

42
Q

What is the non surgical treatment involved in frozen shoulder?

A

Analgesics and physiotherapy

43
Q

What the surgical options in frozen shoulder?

A

Manipulation under anaesthetics

Surgical capsular release

44
Q

What are the indications for surgical treatment of frozen shoulder?

A

Loss of function due to stiffness

45
Q

Which groups are at risk of frozen shoulder?

A

Diabetics
Hypercholesterolaemia
Dupuytrens disease

46
Q

Acute Calcific tendonits

A

Acute onset severe shoulder pain.

47
Q

What tendon is calcium deposited in?

A

Supraspinatus

48
Q

What is diagnostic modality of choice for calcific tendonitis?

A

X-ray as the calcium shows up as a opacity within soft tissue.

49
Q

What is treatment for acute calcific tendonitis?

A

Subacromial steroid and local anaesthetic injections.

50
Q

Are there any surgical indication in acute calcific tendonitis?

A

No as the condition is self limiting

51
Q

What group is usually affected by traumatic instability?

A

Young and sporty

Teenagers to 30’s

52
Q

What are the two types of traumatic dislocation?

A

Anterior and posterior

53
Q

How common is an anterior dislocation and what is it associated with?

A

95% of all

Trauma and sports

54
Q

How common is a posterior dislocation and what is it associated with?

A

5%

Electrocution and epiliptics

55
Q

What lesions is associated with a posterior dislocation?

A

Hillsacks lesion

Dent in the humeral head

56
Q

The older you are when you first dislocate the more likely you are to redislocate?

A

No the likely hood of further dislocation decreases with age

57
Q

Acute treatment for dislocation

A

Painful reduction, sling , physiotherapy avoidance.

58
Q

What occurs in chronic dislocation?

A

Atraumatic laxity and subluxations

Not painful but no support for the joint

59
Q

What is surgical treatment for recurrent dislocations?

A

Bankarts repair

Reattatching labrum and capsule to anterior glenoid.

60
Q

In anterior dislocations what should you look out for?

A

Lesions which increase likelihood of recurrent dislocations

61
Q

What is the labrum and its function?

A

Cartilaginous ring which increases stability of the joint by deepening the glenohumeral joint.

62
Q

What other sources can cause pain in the shoulder

A

Reffered from angina pectoris
Diaphragmatc irritations
-biliary colic hepatic or subphrenic abscess

Year 2 MSK (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions