shoulder Flashcards
What is scapulohumeral rhythm? What are the ratios of movement from scapula: humerus
It’s the process by which you abduct your arm. First 30 degrees: 0:1 2nd motion 1:2 (scapula moves 30, humerus moves 60) 3rd: 1:1 (both move 30 degrees)
What is the MOI for clavicle fractures?
Foosh falling on tip of shoulder
How are scapula’s typically fractured?
Direct blows
3 different locations of humeral fractures
Shaft Proximal humerus Epiphyseal plate/line
MOI for humeral shaft fx
direct blow or falling on arm
MOI for proximal humerus fx
direct blow, dislocation, FOOSH
MOI for epiphyseal fx of humerus
direct blow and FOOSH
moi’s for SC (sternoclavicular sprains)
FOOSH Direct blow Torsion of posteriorly extended arm
How to classify Grade 1, 2, and 3 joint sprains?
Grade 1: little pain and no deformity Grade 2: some movement, deformity, pain, swelling, point tenderness, limited ROM Grade 3: No endpoint, deformity, swelling and complete ligament rupture
What are the signs and symptoms of a shoulder separation (AC joint sprain)
S&S: pain, depressed shoulder, point tender over AC, deformity Manage: sling, possibly surgical intervention
Test for AC joint separation
piano key test
How common are shoulder dislocations in the body?
50% of all dislocations
Shoulder dislocation MOI: SS: Management
MOI:Direct impact to posterior shoulder, foosh, forced abduction and external roations and extension or excessive overhead movements SS: felt should give away, felt pop or tear, intense pain, humeral head in axilla M: immobilization and reduction
What is the tear of labrum following subluxation or dislocation called?
Bankhart Lesion
what is a superior labrum tear that runs from anterior to posterior called?
SLAP tear
What is a fx on the posterior lateral aspect of humeral head called, as a result of compression of humorous against glenoid?
Hill-Sachs Lesion
What is O’Brien’s Test?
Test for a SLAP lesion Patient sits with shoulder flexed to 90 degrees
What is caused by compression of either the
- supraspinatus
- subacromial bursae
or -long head of bicep tendon
and is a result of repetitive overhead movement
Impingement Syndrome
What are the two tests for shoulder impingement?
Neer’s and Hawkins-Kennedy
Neer’s: Arm extended in front of you, thumb facing down with open palm, lift straight up above head
Hawkin’s-Kennedy: shoulder flexed to 90, elbow bent to 90 while parallel with ground (in front of body), tester pushes up on humerus and pulls forearm toward them
What is the compression of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and subclavian vein in the neck and shoulder?
What are the causes of this?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Causes:
- compression of neurovascular bundle in the narrowed space between the first rib adn the clavicle
- compression between the anterior and middle scalenes
- compression by the pectoralis minor muscle as the neurovascular bundle passes beneath the coracoid process or between the clavicle and first rib
- the presence of a cervicle rib
Thoracic outlet
S&S: paresthesia, pain, cold sensation, impaired circulation in fingers, muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, radial nerve palsy
Treatment: use stretching and strengthening exercises to correct the anatomical condition responsible, possible surgery
What is a biceps tendon rupture and what are the S&S?
SS: “snap” deformity, pain, limited flexion at elbow and shoulder
Txt: police, immoblize, refer for possible surgery
What is the condition where the biceps tendon and its synovial sheath as ti passes under transverse humeral ligament in bicipital groove?
Bicipital Tenosynovitis
What test is this? What does a positive test mean?
Yergason’s test, it implies a biceps tendon irritation
What is the injury caused by forceful internal or external rotation of the shoulder that causes a constant ache and possibly impingement?
Rotator cuff tear
What test is this? what does it imply?
Empty can test
Implies supraspinatus tear or weakness
