Shoulder Flashcards
shoulder - deformities + causes
steps in clavicle
winging of scapula - long thoracic nerve injury
squaring of shoulders - trapezius wasting
shoulder - wasting
trapezius - squaring of shoulders
deltoid - axillary palsy (traumatic, iatrogenic)
triceps
biceps
supraspinatus - nerve injury, chronic rotator cuff tear
infraspinatus - nerve injury, chronic rotator cuff tear
[think 2 of each]
shoulder - swelling - causes
inflammation
effusion
bursitis
inflammatory joint disease anterior dislocation
shoulder - look - function
hands behind head
hands behind back
touch each hand to shoulder
shoulder - feel - sequence
bony - SCJ, clavicle, ACJ, acromion, borders scapula, greater tubercle humerus, coracoid process, biceps tendon
muscles - supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid
shoulder - abduction pain
lower arc (80-90) - supraspinatus impingement high arc (>120) - ACJ pathology/injury
shoulder - loss of external rotation
frozen shoulder - when testing for, stabilise scapula to avoid compensatory movement
muscles of rotator cuff
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
empty can test - muscle tested
supraspinatus
[pouring soup]
shoulder - external rotation against resistance - muscle tested
teres minor
infraspinatus
gerber’s lift off test (hand behind back)
subscapularis
tests for rotator cuff
empty can
external rotation against resistance
gerber’s lift off
abnormal rotator cuff tests - general findings + causes
weakness - tear
pain only - strain
tests for impingement
hawkin’s-kennedy (rotate hand down)
mid arc - pain on abduction 60–120 (not specific)
hawkin’s kennedy
pain - supraspinatus impingement
scarf test
pain - ACJ pathology/injury
shoulder - joint above
C spine FERL
shoulder - neurovascular
power - deltoid (axillary)
sensation - regimental badge (axillary)
vascular - radial
shoulder - feel for
tenderness, bony abnormality (eg osteophytes, steps)
shoulder - radial, median, ulnar sensation
radial - dorsal 1st interosseus space
median - lateral index finger
ulnar - medial little finger
shoulder - i would also
above + below (elbow + c spine), then MSK
xrays (modified + axillary views)
MRI
joint aspiration
impingement - what is it + tests
supraspinatus tendinitis (painful arc syndrome)
1 - mid arc - pain abducting 60-120 (due to impingement of underside of acromion on inflamed tendon)
2 - hawkin’s kennedy test
[supraspinatus abducts arm]
no restriction of passive movement
complications of anterior dislocation of shoulder
nerve damage - axillary, brachial plexus artery damage - axillary rotator cuff injury associated fracture - humeral head, clavicle, acromion recurrent dislocation
[nerve - artery - muscle - bone - joint]
frozen shoulder - what is it, risk factors
adhesive capsulitis of glenohumeral joint
spontaneous, rotator cuff injury, immobility, diabetes, thyroid
