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MSI Module II > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Movements of the scapula

A

Elevation, depression, abduction, adduction, lateral rotation, medial rotation

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2
Q
A

Sternoclavicular joint

  • Articular disc divides into two synovial cavities—allows flat joint to act like a ball-and-socket joint
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3
Q
A

Acromioclavicular joint

  • Allows for axial rotation and anteroposterior movement
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4
Q
A

Glenohumoral joint

  • Highly mobile, shallow ball-and-socket joint
  • Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial+lateral rotation, circumduction
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5
Q
A

Scapulothroacic “joint”

  • Allows for elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, rotation
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6
Q
A

Subclavius muscle

  • Innervated by nerve to subclavius
  • Depression
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7
Q
A

Pectoralis minor

  • Innervated by medial pectoral nerve
  • Depresses scapula, elevates rib
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8
Q
A

Serratus anterior

  • Innervated by long thoracic nerve
  • Abducts scapula, elevates ribs
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9
Q
A

Trapezius

  • Innervated by accesory nerve (CN XI)
  • Superior: elevates scapula, upward rotation of scapula
  • Middle: retracts scapula
  • Inferior: depresses scapula, upward rotation of scapula
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10
Q
A

Rhomboid major and minor

  • Innervated by dorsal scapular nerve
  • Adducts scapula, downward rotation of scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall
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11
Q
A

Levator scapulae

  • Innervated by dorsal scapular nerve and cervical (C3, C4) nerves
  • Elevates scapula, rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
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12
Q

Ligaments stabalizing glenohumoral joint

A

Superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

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13
Q

Rotator cuff muscles that stabalize glenohumoral joint

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

Supraspinatus holds head of humerous in the glenoid cavity

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14
Q

Danger of glenohumoral dislocation

A

Disruption of quadrangular space and risk of injuring the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels

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15
Q

Test for spinal accesory nerve lesion

A

Weakness in turning the head to the opposite side against resistance

Ipsilateral weakness when shoulders are shrugged against resistance

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16
Q

Test for long thoracic nerve lesoin

A

Observation: winged scapula when arm is raised

Abduction of the arm against resistance

17
Q

Test for axillary nerve lesion

A

Observation: deltoid atrophy

Abduction of the arm against resistance

Test sensation over the lateral aspect of the proximal arm

18
Q

Rotator cuff muscles and their innervation

A

Supraspinatus - abducts the arm, innervated by the suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus - externally rotates the arm, innervated by the suprascapular nerve

Teres minor - externally rotates and weakly adducts the arm, innervated by the axillary nerve

Subscapularis - the only rotator cuff muscle that arises from the anterior aspect of the scapula, innervated by the subscapular nerves

19
Q

Location and function of subacromial bursa

A

Between the supraspinatus tendon and the coracoacromial ligament

Functions to allow the deltoid muscle to move smoothly over the fibrous capsule of the shoulder joint

20
Q

Symptoms and likely cause of rotator cuff injury

A

Rupture or tear of the supraspinatus tendon is the most common injury

Symptoms:

  • Dull ache deep in shoulder
  • Disturbed sleep if lying on affected shoulder
  • Arm weakness
21
Q

“Frozen Shoulder”

A

Adhesive fibrosis and scarring of the joint capsule, rotator cuff muscles, subacromial bursa, and deltoid muscle

22
Q

“Shoulder separation”

A

Dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint (two joint surfaces lose all contact)

In severe dislocation, there is tearing of the acromioclavicular (AC) ligament and coracoclavicular ligament

23
Q

Clavicular fracture (site, presentation, at-risk structures)

A

The most common clavicular fracture is a midclavicular fracture

Clavicle fractures are fairly common (5% of all adult fractures) and fairly “easy” to do (only 8 lbs of pressure required to break)

Clavicle fractures most often occur following a direct blow to the shoulder.

Symptoms:

  • Sagging of the shoulder downward and forward
  • Inability to lift the arm because of pain
  • A grinding sensation when you try to raise the arm
  • A deformity or “bump” over the break
  • Bruising, swelling, and/or tenderness over the collarbone

At-risk areas

  • The subclavius muscle protects underlying neurovascular structures
  • Major neurovascular structures at risk in clavicular fracture include:
  • Lateral cord of brachial plexus
  • Lateral pectoral nerve
  • Axillary artery
  • Axillary vein
24
Q

C3 dermatome

A
25
Q

C4 dermatome

A
26
Q

C5 dermatome

A

Test upper lateral arm

27
Q

C6 dermatome

A

Test pad of thumb

28
Q

C7 dermatome

A

Test pad of index or middle finger

29
Q

C8 dermatome

A

Test pad of little finger

30
Q

T1 dermatome

A

Test medial aspect of elbow

31
Q

T2 dermatome

A
32
Q

Cutaneous innervation of axillary nerve

A
33
Q

Cutaneous innervation of radial nerve

A
34
Q

Cutaneous innervation of musculo-cutaneous nerve

A
35
Q

Cutaneous innervation of ulnar nerve

A
36
Q

Cutanious innervation of median nerve

A

MSI Module II (16 decks)

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