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MSI Module II > Autonomic Nervous System and Cholinergic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System and Cholinergic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Effector tissues of somatic versus autonomic motor systems

A

Somatic

  • Skeletal muscle

Autonomic

  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  • Exocrine glands
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2
Q

Location of pre and post-ganglionic neurons in sympathetic division of ANS

A

Pre-ganglionic neurons

  • Lateral horn (interomediolateral column) of spinal cord segments T1 - L2/L3

Post-ganglionic neurons

  • Paravertebral sympathetic ganglia found in association with ventral rami of spinal nerves
  • Prevertebral (preaortic) sympathetic ganglia found on anterior surface of abdominal aorta
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3
Q

Location of pre and post-ganglionic neurons in parasympathetic division of ANS

A

Pre-ganglionic neurons (craniosacral nerves)

  • Brainstem
  • Interomediolateral column of S2-S4 segments of spinal cord

Post-ganglionic neurons

  • Most are located in terminal ganglia embedded in walls of abdominopelvic and thoracic vertebrae
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4
Q

Neurotransmitters released by pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons and receptors at effector site

A

Acetylcholine released

N2-type nicotinic receptors at post-ganglionic neuron

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5
Q

Neurotransmitters released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons and receptors at effector site

A

Both norepinephrine and acetylcholine released

Receptors for NE

  • Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
  • ***At smooth muscle and glands

Receptors for Ach

  • M receptors
  • *** only at sweat glands
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6
Q

Neurotransmitters released by pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons and receptors at effector site

A

Acetylcholine

N2 Ach receptor on post-ganglionic neuron

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7
Q

Neurotransmitters released by post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons and receptors at effector site

A

Acetylcholine

M receptor on effector organ

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8
Q

Chromaffin cells

A

Cells in the adrenal medulla that are homologous to post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

  • Reside near blood vessels and when stimulated, release NE and E into blood
    • More E than NE
    • Derived from same lineage of neural creast cells as sympathetic neurons
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9
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on SA node of heart

A

Sympathetic

  • Beta 1 receptor
  • Increase heart rate

Parasympathetic

  • M2 receptor
  • Decrease heart rate
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10
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on bronchioles

A

Sympathetic

  • Beta 2 receptor
  • Dialates

Parasympathetic

  • M3 receptor
  • Constricts
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11
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on smooth muscle in GI tract

A

Sympathetic

  • Alpha 2 and Beta 2 receptors
  • Relaxation

Parasympathetic

  • M3 receptor
  • Contraction
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12
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on smooth muscle in walls of urinary bladder

A

Sympathetic

  • Beta 2 receptor
  • Relaxation

Parasympathetic

  • M3 receptor
  • Contraction
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13
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on salivary secretion

A

Sympathetic

  • Beta 1 receptor
  • Increase

Parasympathetic

  • M3 receptor
  • Increase
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14
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on sphinctors of GI tract

A

Sympathetic

  • Contracts

Parasympathetic

  • Relaxes
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15
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on sphincters of urinary bladder

A

Sympathetic

  • Contracts

Parasympathetic

  • Relaxes
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16
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on radial (dilator pupillae) of the eye

A

Sympathetic

  • Alpha 1 receptor
  • Dilates pupil

Parasympathetic

  • N/A
17
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on sphincter (contstrictor pupillae) of the eye

A

Sympathetic

  • N/A

Parasympathetic

  • M3 receptor
  • Constricts pupil
18
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on sweat glands

A

Sympathetic

  • M3 receptor
  • Increases

Parasympathetic

  • N/A
19
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on lacrimal glands

A

Sympathetic

  • N/A

Parasympathetic

  • M3 receptor
  • Secretion
20
Q

Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on liver

A

Sympathetic

  • Alpha 2 and beta 2 receptors
  • Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

Parasympathetic

  • N/A
21
Q

Nicotonic acetylcholine receptor mechanism of action

A

Ligand gated ion channel

  • Open nonspecific cation channel leading to depolarization
22
Q

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mechanism of action

A

M1, M3, M5

  • Increase production of PIP3​ which increases intracellular Ca+2
  • Gαq signaling

M2 & M4

  • Decrease adenylyl cyclase activity which ultimatly decreases cAMP levels
  • Gαi​ signaling
23
Q

Classes of muscarinic receptor agonists

A

Choline esters (“chol”)

  • Acetylcholine, methacholine, carbachol
    • All work on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
  • Bethanechol
    • Acts exclusivley on muscarinic receptors

Cholinomimetic alkaloids (both act exclusivley on muscarinic receptors)

  • Muscarine (not used therapeutically)
  • Pilocarpine
24
Q

Commonly used muscarinic receptor antagonists

A
  • Atropine
    • “Classic” and blocks all sub-types
  • Scolpolamine
    • Naturally occuring
  • Pirenzepine
    • Synthetic
25
Q
A

Capitate

MSI Module II (16 decks)

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